Planck 2018 results

VIII. Gravitational lensing

¹ AIM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
² APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
³ African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, 6-8 Melrose Road, Muizenberg, Cape Town, South Africa
⁴ Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
⁵ Astrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
⁶ Astrophysics & Cosmology Research Unit, School of Mathematics, Statistics & Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
⁷ CITA, University of Toronto, 60 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S3H8, Canada
⁸ CNRS, IRAP, 9 Av. Colonel Roche, BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
⁹ Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
¹⁰ California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
¹¹ Centre for Theoretical Cosmology, DAMTP, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK
¹² Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
¹³ Département de Physique Théorique, Université de Genève, 24, Quai E. Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
¹⁴ Département de Physique, École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
¹⁵ Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
¹⁶ Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Federico García Lorca, 18, Oviedo, Spain
¹⁷ Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University, PO Box 9010, 6500 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
¹⁸ Department of Mathematics, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
¹⁹ Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC, Canada
²⁰ Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
²¹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
²² Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, Helsinki, Finland
²³ Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
²⁴ Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
²⁵ Department of Physics, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
²⁶ Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
²⁷ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia G. Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
²⁸ Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
²⁹ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 2, Roma, Italy
³⁰ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 16, Milano, Italy
³¹ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via A. Valerio 2, Trieste, Italy
³² Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, Roma, Italy
³³ European Space Agency, ESAC, Planck Science Office, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
³⁴ European Space Agency, ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 Noordwijk, The Netherlands
³⁵ Gran Sasso Science Institute, INFN, Viale F. Crispi 7, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
³⁶ HEP Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
³⁷ Haverford College Astronomy Department, 370 Lancaster Avenue, Haverford, PA, USA
³⁸ Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, Helsinki, Finland
³⁹ INAF – OAS Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
⁴⁰ INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, Padova, Italy
⁴¹ INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G.B. Tiepolo 11, Trieste, Italy
⁴² INAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
⁴³ INAF/IASF Milano, Via E. Bassini 15, Milano, Italy
⁴⁴ INFN – CNAF, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
⁴⁵ INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
⁴⁶ INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
⁴⁷ INFN, Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, Milano, Italy
⁴⁸ INFN, Sezione di Roma 1, Università di Roma Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
⁴⁹ INFN, Sezione di Roma 2, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, Roma, Italy
⁵⁰ Imperial College London, Astrophysics group, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
⁵¹ Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
⁵² Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
⁵³ Institute Lorentz, Leiden University, PO Box 9506, Leiden 2300, The Netherlands
⁵⁴ Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
⁵⁵ Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
⁵⁶ Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, C/Vía Láctea s/n, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
⁵⁷ Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, Spain
⁵⁸ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
⁵⁹ Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, USA
⁶⁰ Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
⁶¹ Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
⁶² Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
⁶³ Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 53 rue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
⁶⁴ Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Université Paris-Sud 11 & CNRS, Bâtiment 210, 91405 Orsay, France
⁶⁵ Low Temperature Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo 00076, Aalto, Finland
⁶⁶ Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85741 Garching, Germany
⁶⁷ Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
⁶⁸ NAOC-UKZN Computational Astrophysics Centre (NUCAC), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
⁶⁹ National Centre for Nuclear Research, ul. L. Pasteura 7, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
⁷⁰ Purple Mountain Observatory, No. 8 Yuan Hua Road, 210034 Nanjing, PR China
⁷¹ SISSA, Astrophysics Sector, via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy
⁷² San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
⁷³ School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
⁷⁴ School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni, 752050 Odissa, India
⁷⁵ School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
⁷⁶ School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University, 2 Daxue Rd, Tangjia, Zhuhai, PR China
⁷⁷ School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
⁷⁸ School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala PO, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551 Kerala, India
⁷⁹ School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
⁸⁰ Simon Fraser University, Department of Physics, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada
⁸¹ Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, École normale supérieure, CNRS, LERMA, 75005 Paris, France
⁸² Sorbonne Université, UMR7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
⁸³ Space Research Institute (IKI), Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya Str, 84/32, Moscow 117997, Russia
⁸⁴ Space Science Data Center – Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
⁸⁵ Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
⁸⁶ The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
⁸⁷ Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028 Toulouse Cedex4, France
⁸⁸ Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland

Received: 17 July 2018
Accepted: 18 July 2019

Abstract

We present measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing potential using the final Planck 2018 temperature and polarization data. Using polarization maps filtered to account for the noise anisotropy, we increase the significance of the detection of lensing in the polarization maps from 5σ to 9σ. Combined with temperature, lensing is detected at 40σ. We present an extensive set of tests of the robustness of the lensing-potential power spectrum, and construct a minimum-variance estimator likelihood over lensing multipoles 8 ≤ L ≤ 400 (extending the range to lower L compared to 2015), which we use to constrain cosmological parameters. We find good consistency between lensing constraints and the results from the Planck CMB power spectra within the ΛCDM model. Combined with baryon density and other weak priors, the lensing analysis alone constrains σ₈Ω_m^0.25 = 0.589 ± 0.020 (1σ errors). Also combining with baryon acoustic oscillation data, we find tight individual parameter constraints, σ₈ = 0.811 ± 0.019, H₀ = 67.9_−1.3^+1.2 km s⁻¹ Mpc⁻¹, and Ω_m = 0.303_−0.018^+0.016. Combining with Planck CMB power spectrum data, we measure σ₈ to better than 1% precision, finding σ₈ = 0.811 ± 0.006. CMB lensing reconstruction data are complementary to galaxy lensing data at lower redshift, having a different degeneracy direction in σ₈ − Ω_m space; we find consistency with the lensing results from the Dark Energy Survey, and give combined lensing-only parameter constraints that are tighter than joint results using galaxy clustering. Using the Planck cosmic infrared background (CIB) maps as an additional tracer of high-redshift matter, we make a combined Planck-only estimate of the lensing potential over 60% of the sky with considerably more small-scale signal. We additionally demonstrate delensing of the Planck power spectra using the joint and individual lensing potential estimates, detecting a maximum removal of 40% of the lensing-induced power in all spectra. The improvement in the sharpening of the acoustic peaks by including both CIB and the quadratic lensing reconstruction is detected at high significance.