Issue |
A&A
Volume 636, April 2020
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | A38 | |
Number of page(s) | 22 | |
Section | Interstellar and circumstellar matter | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201937046 | |
Published online | 15 April 2020 |
Episodic accretion constrained by a rich cluster of outflows★
1
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG,
38000 Grenoble, France
e-mail: thomas.nony@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr
2
Departmento de Astronomia de Chile, Universidad de Chile,
Santiago, Chile
3
AIM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Diderot,
Sorbonne Paris Cité,
91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
4
Observatoire de Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, LERMA,
75014 Paris, France
5
National Radio Astronomy Observatory,
Charlottesville,
VA 22903, USA
6
Laboratoire de Physique de l’École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris,
Paris, France
7
Laboratoire d’astrophysique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, B18N, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire,
33615 Pessac, France
Received:
3
November
2019
Accepted:
6
February
2020
Context. The accretion history of protostars remains widely mysterious, even though it represents one of the best ways to understand the protostellar collapse that leads to the formation of stars.
Aims. Molecular outflows, which are easier to detect than the direct accretion onto the prostellar embryo, are here used to characterize the protostellar accretion phase in W43-MM1.
Methods. The W43-MM1 protocluster hosts a sufficient number of protostars to statistically investigate molecular outflows in a single, homogeneous region. We used the CO(2–1) and SiO(5–4) line datacubes, taken as part of an ALMA mosaic with a 2000 AU resolution, to search for protostellar outflows, evaluate the influence that the environment has on these outflows’ characteristics and put constraints on outflow variability in W43-MM1.
Results. We discovered a rich cluster of 46 outflow lobes, driven by 27 protostars with masses of 1−100 M⊙. The complex environment inside which these outflow lobes develop has a definite influence on their length, limiting the validity of using outflows’ dynamical timescale as a proxy of the ejection timescale in clouds with high dynamics and varying conditions. We performed a detailed study of Position–Velocity diagrams of outflows that revealed clear events of episodic ejection. The time variability of W43-MM1 outflows is a general trend and is more generally observed than in nearby, low- to intermediate-mass star-forming regions. The typical timescale found between two ejecta, ~500 yr, is consistent with that found in nearby protostars.
Conclusions. If ejection episodicity reflects variability in the accretion process, either protostellar accretion is more variable, or episodicity is easier to detect in high-mass star-forming regions than in nearby clouds. The timescale found between accretion events could result from instabilities associated with bursts of inflowing gas arising from the close dynamical environment of high-mass star-forming cores.
Key words: stars: formation / stars: protostars / ISM: jets and outflows
The CO(2–1) data cube is only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/636/A38
© T. Nony et al. 2020
Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.