SHALOS: Statistical Herschel-ATLAS lensed objects selection^⋆

¹ Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, C. Federico García Lorca 18, 33007 Oviedo, Spain
e-mail: gnuevo@uniovi.es
² Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad de Oviedo, C. Federico García Lorca 18, 33007 Oviedo, Spain
³ Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
⁴ Departamento de Informática, Universidad de Oviedo, C. Federico García Lorca 18, 33007 Oviedo, Spain
⁵ Departamento de Explotación y Prospección de Minas, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, 33004 Asturias, Spain

Received: 15 March 2019
Accepted: 6 May 2019

Abstract

Context. The statistical analysis of large sample of strong lensing events can be a powerful tool to extract astrophysical or cosmological valuable information. Their selection using submillimetre galaxies has been demonstrated to be very effective with more than ∼200 proposed candidates in the case of Herschel-ATLAS data and several tens in the case of the South Pole Telescope. However, the number of confirmed events is still relatively low, i.e. a few tens, mostly because of the lengthy observational validation process on individual events.

Aims. In this work we propose a new methodology with a statistical selection approach to increase by a factor of ∼5 the number of such events within the Herschel-ATLAS data set. Although the methodology can be applied to address several selection problems, it has particular benefits in the case of the identification of strongly lensed galaxies: objectivity, minimal initial constrains in the main parameter space, and preservation of statistical properties.

Methods. The proposed methodology is based on the Bhattacharyya distance as a measure of the similarity between probability distributions of properties of two different cross-matched galaxies. The particular implementation for the aim of this work is called SHALOS and it combines the information of four different properties of the pair of galaxies: angular separation, luminosity percentile, redshift, and the ratio of the optical to the submillimetre flux densities.

Results. The SHALOS method provides a ranked list of strongly lensed galaxies. The number of candidates within ∼340 deg² of the Herschel-ATLAS surveyed area for the final associated probability, P_tot >  0.7, is 447 and they have an estimated mean amplification factor of 3.12 for a halo with a typical cluster mass. Additional statistical properties of the SHALOS candidates, as the correlation function or the source number counts, are in agreement with previous results indicating the statistical lensing nature of the selected sample.