CIELO-RGS: a catalog of soft X-ray ionized emission lines^⋆

¹ SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands
e-mail: j.mao@sron.nl
² Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, G4 0NG Glasgow, UK
³ Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
⁴ ESA European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
⁵ European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Villanueva de la Cañada, 28691 Madrid, Spain
⁶ Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany

Received: 26 February 2019
Accepted: 4 April 2019

Abstract

Context. High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy has advanced our understanding of the hot Universe by revealing physical properties like kinematics, temperature, and abundances of the astrophysical plasmas. Despite technical and scientific achievements, the lack of scientific products at a level higher than count spectra is hampering complete scientific exploitation of high-quality data. This paper introduces the Catalog of Ionized Emission Lines Observed by the Reflection Grating Spectrometer (CIELO-RGS) onboard the XMM-Newton space observatory.

Aims. The CIELO-RGS catalog aims to facilitate the exploitation of emission features in the public RGS spectra archive. In particular, we aim to analyze the relationship between X-ray spectral diagnostics parameters and measurements at other wavelengths. This paper focuses on the methodology of catalog generation, describing the automated line-detection algorithm.

Methods. A moderate sample (∼2400 observations) of high-quality RGS spectra available at XMM-Newton Science Archive is used as our starting point. A list of potential emission lines is selected based on a multi-scale peak-detection algorithm in a uniform and automated way without prior assumption on the underlying astrophysical model. The candidate line list is validated via spectral fitting with simple continuum and line profile models. We also compare the catalog content with published literature results on a small number of exemplary sources.

Results. We generate a catalog of emission lines (1.2 × 10⁴) detected in ∼1600 observations toward stars, X-ray binaries, supernovae remnants, active galactic nuclei, and groups and clusters of galaxies. For each line, we report the observed wavelength, broadening, energy and photon flux, equivalent width, and so on.