Issue |
A&A
Volume 605, September 2017
Gaia Data Release 1
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | A79 | |
Number of page(s) | 29 | |
Section | Stellar structure and evolution | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201629925 | |
Published online | 14 September 2017 |
Gaia Data Release 1
Testing parallaxes with local Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars⋆
1 INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
2 Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin des Maillettes 51, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
3 INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy
4 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
5 Dpto. de Inteligencia Artificial, UNED, c/ Juan del Rosal 16, 28040 Madrid, Spain
6 Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
7 Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin d’Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
8 Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
9 Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
10 Scientific Support Office, Directorate of Science, European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA/ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201AZ, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
11 Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
12 INAF–Osservatorio astronomico di Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
13 GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
14 Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
15 Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Mönchhofstr. 12–14, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
16 Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
17 Mission Operations Division, Operations Department, Directorate of Science, European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA/ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
18 Lohrmann Observatory, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 13, 01062 Dresden, Germany
19 European Space Astronomy Centre (ESA/ESAC), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
20 Lund Observatory, Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund University, Box 43, 22100 Lund, Sweden
21 Laboratoire Lagrange, Université Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex, France
22 CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
23 Institut d’Astronomie et d’Astrophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles CP 226, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
24 F.R.S.-FNRS, Rue d’Egmont 5, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
25 INAF–Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo Enrico Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, Italy
26 Telespazio Vega UK Ltd for ESA/ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
27 Laboratoire d’astrophysique de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, B18N, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac, France
28 Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
29 Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
30 Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
31 INAF–Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), Italy
32 Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
33 Centre for Electronic Imaging, Department of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall MK7 6 AA Milton Keynes, UK
34 ALTEC S.p.a, Corso Marche, 79, 10146 Torino, Italy
35 Serco Gestión de Negocios for ESA/ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
36 STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
37 Gaia DPAC Project Office, ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
38 SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, LNE, 61 avenue de l’Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
39 National Observatory of Athens, I. Metaxa and Vas. Pavlou, Palaia Penteli, 15236 Athens, Greece
40 IMCCE, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Univ. Lille, 77 av. Denfert-Rochereau, 75014 Paris, France
41 Royal Observatory of Belgium, Ringlaan 3, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
42 Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris XI, UMR 8617, CNRS, Bâtiment 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
43 Institute for Astronomy, Royal Observatory, University of Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
44 HE Space Operations BV for ESA/ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
45 Institut d’Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Université de Liège, 19c, Allée du 6 Août, 4000 Liège, Belgium
46 Área de Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. de Utrera, km 1. 41013 Sevilla, Spain
47 Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7550, 11 rue de l’Université, 67000 Strasbourg, France
48 Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambride CB3 0HA, UK
49 Aurora Technology for ESA/ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
50 Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC72, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
51 Department of Astrophysics, Astronomy and Mechanics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografos, 15783 Athens, Greece
52 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Division of Astronomy and Space Physics, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
53 Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Sezione Astrofisica, via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
54 INAF–Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
55 Universidade da Coruña, Facultade de Informática, Campus de Elviña S/N, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
56 CENTRA, Universidade de Lisboa, FCUL, Campo Grande, Edif. C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
57 University of Helsinki, Department of Physics, PO Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
58 Finnish Geospatial Research Institute FGI, Geodeetinrinne 2, 02430 Masala, Finland
59 Isdefe for ESA/ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
60 ASI ScienceData Center, via del Politecnico SNC, 00133 Roma, Italy
61 Institut UTINAM UMR6213, CNRS, OSU THETA Franche-Comté Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
62 Elecnor Deimos Space for ESA/ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
63 Thales Services for CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
64 EURIX S.r.l., via Carcano 26, 10153 Torino, Italy
65 University of Vienna, Department of Astrophysics, Türkenschanzstraße 17, A 1180 Vienna, Austria
66 ON/MCTI-BR, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, 20921-400 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
67 OV/UFRJ-BR, Ladeira Pedro Antônio 43, 20080-090 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
68 Faculdade Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, Departamento Matematica Aplicada, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
69 Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Ciências, Campo Grande, PT 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
70 Departamento de Astrofísica, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), ESA-ESAC. Camino Bajo del Castillo s/n. 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
71 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
72 University of Oviedo, Campus Universitario, 33203 Gijón, Spain
73 University of Cádiz, Avd. De la universidad, Jerez de la Frontera, 11002 Cádiz, Spain
74 Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Landleven 12, 9747 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
75 Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya, C/ Gran Capità, 2–4 3rd floor, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
76 University of Turin, Department of Computer Sciences, Corso Svizzera 185, 10149 Torino, Italy
77 INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, via di Frascati 33, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone (Roma), Italy
78 CRAAG–Centre de Recherche en Astronomie, Astrophysique et Géophysique, Route de l’Observatoire BP 63 Bouzareah, 16340 Algiers, Algeria
79 Universiteit Antwerpen, Onderzoeksgroep Toegepaste Wiskunde, Middelheimlaan 1, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
80 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
81 INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Teramo, via Mentore Maggini, 64100 Teramo, Italy
82 Instituto de Astronomia, Geofìsica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1226, Cidade Universitaria, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
83 Department of Geosciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel
84 Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94249, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
85 Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany
86 ATOS for CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
87 UNINOVA–CTS, Campus FCT-UNL, Monte da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
88 Laboratoire Géoazur, Université Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UMR 7329, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, 250 rue A. Einstein, 06560 Valbonne, France
89 RHEA for ESA/ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
90 Astronomical Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Fričova 298, 25165 Ondřejov, Czech Republic
91 Barcelona Supercomputing Center – Centro Nacional de Supercomputación, c/ Jordi Girona 29, Ed. Nexus II, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
92 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of La Rioja, c/ San José de Calasanz, 31, 26004 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
93 ETSE Telecomunicación, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
94 SRON, Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584CA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
95 Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
96 Physics Department, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
97 Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge MA 02138, USA
98 Institut de Physique de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes, France
99 Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 80 Nandan Rd, 200030 Shanghai, PR China
100 CSC Danmark A/S,Retortvej 8, 2500 Valby, Denmark
101 Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, Inc., 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117, USA
102 Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, L3 5RF, UK
103 Baja Observatory of University of Szeged, Szegedi út III/70, 6500 Baja, Hungary
104 Laboratoire AIM, IRFU/Service d’Astrophysique – CEA/DSM – CNRS – Université Paris Diderot, Bât 709, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
105 INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via G.B. Tiepolo 11, 34143, Trieste, Italy
106 Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, 91898 Orsay Cedex, France
107 École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, SB MATHAA STAP, MA B1 473 (Bâtiment MA), Station 8, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
108 INAF–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
109 Technical University of Madrid, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
110 EQUERT International for CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
111 AKKA for CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
112 Villanova University, Dept. of Astrophysics and Planetary Science, 800 E Lancaster Ave, Villanova PA 19085, USA
113 Vitrociset Belgium for ESA/ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
114 Fork Research, Rua do Cruzado Osberno, Lt. 1, 9 esq., Lisboa, Portugal
115 APAVE SUDEUROPE SAS for CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
116 Spanish Virtual Observatory, Spain
117 Fundación Galileo Galilei – INAF, Rambla José Ana Fernández Pérez 7, 38712 Breña Baja, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
118 INSA for ESA/ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
119 Dpto. Arquitectura de Computadores y Automática, Facultad de Informática, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/ Prof. José García Santesmases s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
120 H H Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
121 Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Aarhus University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 120 Ny Munkegade, Building 1520, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
122 Applied Physics Department, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
123 HE Space Operations BV for ESA/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201AZ, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
124 Warsaw University Observatory, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
125 Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
126 Universidad de La Laguna, Departamento de Astrofísica, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
127 RHEA for ESA/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201AZ, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
128 Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
129 SISSA (Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati), via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
130 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais/Ministério da Ciencia Tecnologia, Avenida dos Astronautas 1758, São José Dos Campos, SP 12227-010, Brazil
131 Argelander Institut für Astronomie der Universität Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany
132 European Southern Observatory (ESO), Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
133 Laboratory of Optics, Lasers and Systems, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campus do Lumiar, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 22, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal
134 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Notre Dame University, Louaize, PO Box 72, Zouk Mikaël, Lebanon
135 University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
136 Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, OPINAS, Gießenbachstraße, 85741 Garching, Germany
137 NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive, California Institute of Technology, Mail Code 100-22, 770 South Wilson Avenue, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
138 Center of Applied Space Technology and Microgravity (ZARM), c/o Universität Bremen, Am Fallturm 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
139 RHEA System for ESA/ESOC, Robert Bosch Straße 5, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
140 Tartu Observatory, 61602 Tõravere, Estonia
141 Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics A28, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
142 Slovak Organisation for Space Activities, Zamocka 18, 85101 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
143 National Astronomical Observatories, CAS, 100012 Beijing, PR China
144 US Naval Observatory, Astrometry Department, 3450 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Washington DC 20392-5420 D.C., USA
145 European Southern Observatory (ESO), Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla 19001, Santiago de Chile, Chile
146 Airbus Defence and Space SAS, 31 Rue des Cosmonautes, 31402 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
147 EJR-Quartz BV for ESA/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201AZ, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
148 The Server Labs for ESA/ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
149 Astronomical Observatory Institute, Faculty of Physics, A. Mickiewicz University, ul. Słoneczna 36, 60-286 Poznań, Poland
150 CS Systèmes d’Information for CNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
151 Directorate of Science, European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA/ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201AZ, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
152 Praesepe BV for ESA/ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
153 Sorbonne Universités UPMC et CNRS, UMR7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 75014, Paris, France
154 GMV for ESA/ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
155 Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 3, 10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
156 S[&]T Corporation, PO Box 608, 2600 AP, Delft, The Netherlands
157 Department of Space Studies, Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), 1050 Walnut Street, Suite 300, Boulder, Colorado 80302, USA
158 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institute of Space Systems, Am Fallturm 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
159 University of Applied Sciences Munich, Karlstr. 6, 80333 Munich, Germany
160 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
161 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, 7535 Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa
162 INAF–Istituto di Radioastronomia, via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
163 Department of Physics, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA
164 Hamburger Sternwarte, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany
Received: 18 October 2016
Accepted: 26 April 2017
Context. Parallaxes for 331 classical Cepheids, 31 Type II Cepheids, and 364 RR Lyrae stars in common between Gaia and the Hipparcos and Tycho-2 catalogues are published in Gaia Data Release 1 (DR1) as part of the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS).
Aims. In order to test these first parallax measurements of the primary standard candles of the cosmological distance ladder, which involve astrometry collected by Gaia during the initial 14 months of science operation, we compared them with literature estimates and derived new period-luminosity (PL), period-Wesenheit (PW) relations for classical and Type II Cepheids and infrared PL, PL-metallicity (PLZ), and optical luminosity-metallicity (MV-[Fe/H]) relations for the RR Lyrae stars, with zero points based on TGAS.
Methods. Classical Cepheids were carefully selected in order to discard known or suspected binary systems. The final sample comprises 102 fundamental mode pulsators with periods ranging from 1.68 to 51.66 days (of which 33 with σϖ/ϖ< 0.5). The Type II Cepheids include a total of 26 W Virginis and BL Herculis stars spanning the period range from 1.16 to 30.00 days (of which only 7 with σϖ/ϖ< 0.5). The RR Lyrae stars include 200 sources with pulsation period ranging from 0.27 to 0.80 days (of which 112 with σϖ/ϖ< 0.5). The new relations were computed using multi-band (V,I,J,Ks) photometry and spectroscopic metal abundances available in the literature, and by applying three alternative approaches: (i) linear least-squares fitting of the absolute magnitudes inferred from direct transformation of the TGAS parallaxes; (ii) adopting astrometry-based luminosities; and (iii) using a Bayesian fitting approach. The last two methods work in parallax space where parallaxes are used directly, thus maintaining symmetrical errors and allowing negative parallaxes to be used. The TGAS-based PL,PW,PLZ, and MV− [Fe/H] relations are discussed by comparing the distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud provided by different types of pulsating stars and alternative fitting methods.
Results. Good agreement is found from direct comparison of the parallaxes of RR Lyrae stars for which both TGAS and HST measurements are available. Similarly, very good agreement is found between the TGAS values and the parallaxes inferred from the absolute magnitudes of Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars analysed with the Baade-Wesselink method. TGAS values also compare favourably with the parallaxes inferred by theoretical model fitting of the multi-band light curves for two of the three classical Cepheids and one RR Lyrae star, which were analysed with this technique in our samples. The K-band PL relations show the significant improvement of the TGAS parallaxes for Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars with respect to the Hipparcos measurements. This is particularly true for the RR Lyrae stars for which improvement in quality and statistics is impressive.
Conclusions. TGAS parallaxes bring a significant added value to the previous Hipparcos estimates. The relations presented in this paper represent the first Gaia-calibrated relations and form a work-in-progress milestone report in the wait for Gaia-only parallaxes of which a first solution will become available with Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) in 2018.
Key words: astrometry / parallaxes / stars: distances / stars: variables: Cepheids / stars: variables: RR Lyrae / methods: data analysis
Full Tables A.1–A.3 are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/605/A79
© ESO, 2017
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