Issue |
A&A
Volume 599, March 2017
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | A51 | |
Number of page(s) | 15 | |
Section | Cosmology (including clusters of galaxies) | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201629164 | |
Published online | 28 February 2017 |
Planck intermediate results
L. Evidence of spatial variation of the polarized thermal dust spectral energy distribution and implications for CMB B-mode analysis
1 APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
2 Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory and Dept of Radio Science and Engineering, PO Box 13000, 00076 Aalto, Finland
3 African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, 6–8 Melrose Road, Muizenberg, 7945 Cape Town, South Africa
4 Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Science Data Center, via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
5 Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, 13388 Marseille, France
6 Astrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
7 Astrophysics & Cosmology Research Unit, School of Mathematics, Statistics & Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, 4000 Durban, South Africa
8 CITA, University of Toronto, 60 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada
9 CNRS, IRAP, 9 Av. colonel Roche, BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
10 California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 1200 California, USA
11 Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, 94720 California, USA
12 DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
13 Département de Physique Théorique, Université de Genève, 24, Quai E. Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
14 Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
15 Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, Avda. Calvo Sotelo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
16 Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
17 Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
18 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letter, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
19 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
20 Department of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
21 Department of Physics, Princeton University, 08544 Princeton, New Jersey, USA
22 Department of Physics, University of California, 93106 Santa Barbara, California, USA
23 Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois, USA
24 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia G. Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
25 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
26 Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
27 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 2, Roma, Italy
28 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria, 16, Milano, Italy
29 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Trieste, via A. Valerio 2, Trieste, Italy
30 Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Roma, Italy
31 Discovery Center, Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, Denmark
32 European Space Agency, ESAC, Planck Science Office, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
33 European Space Agency, ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
34 Gran Sasso Science Institute, INFN, viale F. Crispi 7, 67100 L’ Aquila, Italy
35 HGSFP and University of Heidelberg, Theoretical PhysicsDepartment, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
36 Haverford College Astronomy Department, 370 Lancaster Avenue, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
37 Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
38 INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, Padova, Italy
39 INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, via di Frascati 33, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
40 INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via G.B. Tiepolo 11, Trieste, Italy
41 INAF/IASF Bologna, via Gobetti 101, 40127 Bologna, Italy
42 INAF/IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
43 INFN–CNAF, viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
44 INFN, Sezione di Bologna, viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
45 INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
46 INFN, Sezione di Roma 1, Università di Roma Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
47 INFN, Sezione di Roma 2, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, 00185 Roma, Italy
48 INFN/National Institute for Nuclear Physics, via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
49 IUCAA, Post Bag 4, Ganeshkhind, Pune University Campus, 411 007 Pune, India
50 Imperial College London, Astrophysics group, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
51 Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
52 Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
53 Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
54 Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, 0313 Oslo, Norway
55 Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, C/Vía Láctea s/n, La Laguna, 38205 Tenerife, Spain
56 Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
57 Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
58 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA
59 Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
60 Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
61 Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK
62 LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, 91400 Orsay, France
63 LERMA, CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, 61 Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
64 Laboratoire AIM, IRFU/Service d’Astrophysique – CEA/DSM – CNRS – Université Paris Diderot, Bât. 709, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
65 Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l’Information, CNRS (UMR 5141) and Télécom ParisTech, 46 rue Barrault, 75634 Paris Cedex 13, France
66 Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 53 rue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
67 Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Université Paris-Sud 11 & CNRS, Bâtiment 210, 91405 Orsay, France
68 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
69 Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85741 Garching, Germany
70 Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
71 Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
72 Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
73 Nordita (Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics), Roslagstullsbacken 23, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
74 SISSA, Astrophysics Sector, via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy
75 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
76 Simon Fraser University, Department of Physics, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby BC, Canada
77 Sorbonne Université-UPMC, UMR7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
78 Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 94720 Berkeley, California, USA
79 Sub-Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
80 The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
81 UPMC Univ. Paris 06, UMR7095, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
82 Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
83 University of Granada, Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Facultad de Ciencias, 18010 Granada, Spain
84 Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
Received: 22 June 2016
Accepted: 16 November 2016
The characterization of the Galactic foregrounds has been shown to be the main obstacle in thechallenging quest to detect primordial B-modes in the polarized microwave sky. We make use of the Planck-HFI 2015 data release at high frequencies to place new constraints on the properties of the polarized thermal dust emission at high Galactic latitudes. Here, we specifically study the spatial variability of the dust polarized spectral energy distribution (SED), and its potential impact on the determination of the tensor-to-scalar ratio, r. We use the correlation ratio of the CBBℓ angular power spectra between the 217 and 353 GHz channels as a tracer of these potential variations, computed on different high Galactic latitude regions, ranging from 80% to 20% of the sky. The new insight from Planck data is a departure of the correlation ratio from unity that cannot be attributed to a spurious decorrelation due to the cosmic microwave background, instrumental noise, or instrumental systematics. The effect is marginally detected on each region, but the statistical combination of all the regions gives more than 99% confidence for this variation in polarized dust properties. In addition, we show that the decorrelation increases when there is a decrease in the mean column density of the region of the sky being considered, and we propose a simple power-law empirical model for this dependence, which matches what is seen in the Planck data. We explore the effect that this measured decorrelation has on simulations of the BICEP2-Keck Array/Planck analysis and show that the 2015 constraints from these data still allow a decorrelation between the dust at 150 and 353 GHz that is compatible with our measured value. Finally, using simplified models, we show that either spatial variation of the dust SED or of the dust polarization angle are able to produce decorrelations between 217 and 353 GHz data similar to the values we observe in the data.
Key words: cosmic background radiation / cosmology: observations / submillimeter: ISM / dust, extinction
© ESO, 2017
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