Planck intermediate results

XXXI. Microwave survey of Galactic supernova remnants

¹ APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
² Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory and Dept of Radio Science and Engineering, PO Box 13000, 00076 AALTO, Finland
³ African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, 6–8 Melrose Road, Muizenberg, 7945 Cape Town, South Africa
⁴ Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Science Data Center, via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
⁵ Astrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
⁶ Astrophysics & Cosmology Research Unit, School of Mathematics, Statistics & Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, 4000 Durban, South Africa
⁷ Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, ALMA Santiago Central Offices, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla 763 0355, Santiago, Chile
⁸ CGEE, SCS Qd 9, Lote C, Torre C, 4° andar, Ed. Parque Cidade Corporate, CEP 70308-200, Brasília, DF, Brazil
⁹ CITA, University of Toronto, 60 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada
¹⁰ CNRS, IRAP, 9 Av. colonel Roche, BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
¹¹ California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91101 California, USA
¹² Centro de Estudios de Física del Cosmos de Aragón (CEFCA), Plaza San Juan, 1, planta 2, 44001 Teruel, Spain
¹³ Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 91101 California, USA
¹⁴ DSM/Irfu/SPP, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
¹⁵ DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
¹⁶ Département de Physique Théorique, Université de Genève, 24, Quai E. Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
¹⁷ Departamento de Física Fundamental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
¹⁸ Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, Avda. Calvo Sotelo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
¹⁹ Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
²⁰ Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
²¹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letter, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
²² Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
²³ Department of Physics, Florida State University, Keen Physics Building, 77 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
²⁴ Department of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
²⁵ Department of Physics, PrincetonUniversity, Princeton, NJ 08544 New Jersey, USA
²⁶ Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 94612 California, USA
²⁷ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia G. Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
²⁸ Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
²⁹ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, P. le A. Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
³⁰ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria, 16 Milano, Italy
³¹ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Trieste, via A. Valerio 2, 34128 Trieste, Italy
³² Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1 Roma, Italy
³³ Discovery Center, Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
³⁴ Discovery Center, Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
³⁵ European Southern Observatory, ESO Vitacura, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla 19001, Santiago, Chile
³⁶ European Space Agency, ESAC, Planck Science Office, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
³⁷ European Space Agency, ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
³⁸ Facoltà di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi e-Campus, via Isimbardi 10, 22060 Novedrate (CO), Italy
³⁹ Gran Sasso Science Institute, INFN, viale F. Crispi 7, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
⁴⁰ Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
⁴¹ INAF–Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, via S. Sofia 78, Catania, Italy
⁴² INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, Padova, Italy
⁴³ INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, via di Frascati 33, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
⁴⁴ INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via G.B. Tiepolo 11, Trieste, Italy
⁴⁵ INAF/IASF Bologna, via Gobetti 101, 40126 Bologna, Italy
⁴⁶ INAF/IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, 20100 Milano, Italy
⁴⁷ INFN, Sezione di Bologna, via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy
⁴⁸ INFN, Sezione di Roma 1, Università di Roma Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
⁴⁹ INFN/National Institute for Nuclear Physics, via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
⁵⁰ IPAG: Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble, Université Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
⁵¹ CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
⁵² Imperial College London, Astrophysics group, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
⁵³ Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
⁵⁴ Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS (UMR 8617) Université Paris-Sud 11, Bâtiment 121, 91440 Orsay, France
⁵⁵ Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR 7095), 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
⁵⁶ Institute for Space Sciences, 077125 Bucharest-Magurale, Romania
⁵⁷ Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
⁵⁸ Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, 0371 Oslo, Norway
⁵⁹ Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
⁶⁰ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
⁶¹ Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA
⁶² Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
⁶³ Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK
⁶⁴ Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia
⁶⁵ LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, 91400 Orsay, France
⁶⁶ LERMA, CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, 61 Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
⁶⁷ Laboratoire AIM, IRFU/Service d’Astrophysique – CEA/DSM – CNRS – Université Paris Diderot, Bât. 709, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
⁶⁸ Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l’Information, CNRS (UMR 5141) and Télécom ParisTech, 46 rue Barrault, 75634 Paris Cedex 13, France
⁶⁹ Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 53 rue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
⁷⁰ Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Université Paris-Sud 11 & CNRS, Bâtiment 210, 91405 Orsay, France
⁷¹ Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 California, USA
⁷² Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Astro Space Centre, 84/32 Profsoyuznaya st., GSP-7, 117997 Moscow, Russia
⁷³ Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85741 Garching, Germany
⁷⁴ Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
⁷⁵ National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville VA 22903-2475, USA
⁷⁶ National University of Ireland, Department of Experimental Physics, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
⁷⁷ Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
⁷⁸ Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
⁷⁹ Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
⁸⁰ Optical Science Laboratory, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK
⁸¹ SETI Institute and SOFIA Science Center, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 211-3, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA
⁸² SISSA, Astrophysics Sector, via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy
⁸³ School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
⁸⁴ Sorbonne Université-UPMC, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
⁸⁵ Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 California, USA
⁸⁶ Special Astrophysical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhnij Arkhyz, Zelenchukskiy region, Karachai-Cherkessian Republic, 369167, Russia
⁸⁷ UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7095, 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
⁸⁸ Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
⁸⁹ Universities Space Research Association, Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, MS 232-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
⁹⁰ University of Granada, Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Facultad de Ciencias, 18010 Granada, Spain
⁹¹ University of Granada, Instituto Carlos I de Física Teórica y Computacional, 18010 Granada, Spain
⁹² Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland

Received: 17 September 2014
Accepted: 24 November 2015

Abstract

The all-sky Planck survey in 9 frequency bands was used to search for emission from all 274 known Galactic supernova remnants. Of these, 16 were detected in at least two Planck frequencies. The radio-through-microwave spectral energy distributions were compiled to determine the mechanism for microwave emission. In only one case, IC 443, is there high-frequency emission clearly from dust associated with the supernova remnant. In all cases, the low-frequency emission is from synchrotron radiation. As predicted for a population of relativistic particles with energy distribution that extends continuously to high energies, a single power law is evident for many sources, including the Crab and PKS 1209-51/52. A decrease in flux density relative to the extrapolation of radio emission is evident in several sources. Their spectral energy distributions can be approximated as broken power laws, S_ν ∝ ν^−α, with the spectral index, α, increasing by 0.5–1 above a break frequency in the range 10–60 GHz. The break could be due to synchrotron losses.