Fundamental properties of nearby single early B-type stars^⋆

¹ Dr. Karl Remeis-Observatory & ECAP, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
e-mail: Maria-Fernanda.Nieva@sternwarte.uni-erlangen.de
² Institute for Astro- and Particle Physics, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25/8, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
e-mail: norbert.przybilla@uibk.ac.at

Received: 2 January 2014
Accepted: 21 April 2014

Abstract

Aims. Fundamental parameters of a sample of 26 apparently slowly-rotating single early B-type stars in OB associations and in the field within a distance of ≲400 pc from the Sun are presented and compared to high-precision data from detached eclipsing binaries (DEBs). Together with surface abundances for light elements the data are used to discuss the evolutionary status of the stars in context of the most recent Geneva grid of models for core hydrogen-burning stars in the mass-range ~6 to 18 M_⊙ at metallicity Z = 0.014.

Methods. The fundamental parameters are derived on the basis of accurate and precise atmospheric parameters determined earlier by us from non-LTE analyses of high-quality spectra of the sample stars, utilising the new Geneva stellar evolution models.

Results. Evolutionary masses plus radii and luminosities are determined to better than typically 5%, 10%, and 20% uncertainty, respectively, facilitating the mass−radius and mass−luminosity relationships to be recovered for single core hydrogen-burning objects with a similar precision as derived from DEBs. Good agreement between evolutionary and spectroscopic masses is found. Absolute visual and bolometric magnitudes are derived to typically ~0.15−0.20 mag uncertainty. Metallicities are constrained to better than 15−20% uncertainty and tight constraints on evolutionary ages of the stars are provided. Overall, the spectroscopic distances and ages of individual sample stars agree with independently derived values for the host OB associations. Signatures of mixing with CN-cycled material are found in 1/3 of the sample stars. Typically, these are consistent with the amount predicted by the new Geneva models with rotation. The presence of magnetic fields appears to augment the mixing efficiency. In addition, a few objects are possibly the product of binary evolution. In particular, the unusual characteristics of τ Sco point to a blue straggler nature, due to a binary merger.

Conclusions. The accuracy and precision achieved in the determination of fundamental stellar parameters from the quantitative spectroscopy of single early B-type stars comes close (within a factor 2–4) to data derived from DEBs. While our fundamental parameters are in good agreement with those derived from DEBs as a function of spectral type, significant systematic differences with data from the astrophysical reference literature are found. Masses are ~10−20% and radii ~25% lower then the recommended values for luminosity class V, resulting in the stars being systematically fainter than assumed usually, by ~0.5 mag in absolute visual and bolometric magnitude. Our sample of giants is too small to derive firm conclusions, but similar trends as for the dwarfs are indicated.