Stellar substructures in the solar neighbourhood

III. Kinematic group 2 in the Geneva-Copenhagen survey^⋆

¹ Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy (ITPA), Vilnius University, A. Gostauto 12, 01108 Vilnius, Lithuania
e-mail: renata.zenoviene@tfai.vu.lt; grazina.tautvaisiene@tfai.vu.lt; edita.stonkute@tfai.vu.lt
² Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
e-mail:birgitta@nbi.ku.dk

Received: 13 December 2013
Accepted: 16 January 2014

Abstract

Context. From correlations between orbital parameters, several new coherent groups of stars were recently identified in the Galactic disc and suggested to correspond to remnants of disrupted satellites. To reconstruct their origin at least three main observational parameters – kinematics, chemical composition and age – must be known.

Aims. We determine detailed elemental abundances in stars belonging to the so-called Group 2 of the Geneva-Copenhagen Survey and compare the chemical composition with Galactic thin- and thick-disc stars, as well as with the Arcturus and AF06 streams (Arifyanto & Fuchs 2006, A&A, 449, 533). The aim is to search for chemical signatures that might give information about the formation history of this kinematic group of stars.

Methods. High-resolution spectra were obtained with the FIES spectrograph at the Nordic Optical Telescope, La Palma, and were analysed with a differential model atmosphere method. Comparison stars were observed and analysed with the same method.

Results. The average value of [Fe/H] for the 32 stars of Group 2 is − 0.42 ± 0.10 dex. The investigated group consists mainly of two 8- and 12-Gyr-old stellar populations. Abundances of oxygen, α-elements, and r-process-dominated elements are higher than in Galactic thin-disc dwarfs. This elemental abundance pattern has similar characteristics as that of the Galactic thick-disc.

Conclusions. The similarity in chemical composition of stars in Group 2 with that in stars of the thick-disc might suggest that their formation histories are linked. The chemical composition together with the kinematic properties and ages of stars in the stars investigated provides evidence of their common origin and possible relation to an ancient merging event. A gas-rich satellite merger scenario is proposed as the most likely origin. Groups 2 and 3 of the Geneva-Copenhagen Survey might have originated in the same merging event.