ALMA CO J = 6–5 observations of IRAS 16293–2422

Shocks and entrainment^⋆

Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
e-mail: lkristensen@cfa.harvard.edu

Received: 30 October 2012
Accepted: 7 December 2012

Abstract

Observations of higher-excited transitions of abundant molecules such as CO are important for determining where energy in the form of shocks is fed back into the parental envelope of forming stars. The nearby prototypical and protobinary low-mass hot core, IRAS 16293–2422 (I16293) is ideal for such a study. The source was targeted with ALMA for science verification purposes in band 9, which includes CO J = 6−5 (E_up/k_B  ~ 116 K), at an unprecedented spatial resolution (~0.′′2, 25 AU). I16293 itself is composed of two sources, A and B, with a projected distance of 5′′. CO J = 6−5 emission is detected throughout the region, particularly in small, arcsecond-sized hotspots, where the outflow interacts with the envelope. The observations only recover a fraction of the emission in the line wings when compared to data from single-dish telescopes, with a higher fraction of emission recovered at higher velocities. The very high angular resolution of these new data reveal that a bow shock from source A coincides, in the plane of the sky, with the position of source B. Source B, on the other hand, does not show current outflow activity. In this region, outflow entrainment takes place over large spatial scales,  ≳100 AU, and in small discrete knots. This unique dataset shows that the combination of a high-temperature tracer (e.g., CO J = 6−5) and very high angular resolution observations is crucial for interpreting the structure of the warm inner environment of low-mass protostars.