Searching for the first stars with the Gaia mission

¹ IAG, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1226, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
e-mail: rafael.2706@gmail.com
² Korea Astronomy & Space Science Institute, 305-348 Daejeon, Korea
³ Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
⁴ SIM, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal

Received: 27 December 2011
Accepted: 7 August 2012

Abstract

Aims. We construct a theoretical model to predict the number of orphan afterglows (OA) from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) triggered by primordial metal-free (Pop III) stars expected to be observed by the Gaia mission. In particular, we consider primordial metal-free stars that were affected by radiation from other stars (Pop III.2) as a possible target.

Methods. We use a semi-analytical approach that includes all relevant feedback effects to construct cosmic star formation history and its connection with the cumulative number of GRBs. The OA events are generated using the Monte Carlo method, and realistic simulations of Gaia’s scanning law are performed to derive the observation probability expectation.

Results. We show that Gaia can observe up to 2.28 ± 0.88 off-axis afterglows and 2.78 ± 1.41 on-axis during the five-year nominal mission. This implies that a nonnegligible percentage of afterglows that may be observed by Gaia (~10%) could have Pop III stars as progenitors.