The Swift serendipitous survey in deep XRT GRB fields (SwiftFT)

I. The X-ray catalog and number counts^⋆,⋆⋆

¹ ASI Science Data Center, via Galileo Galilei, 00044 Frascati, Italy
e-mail: puccetti@asdc.asi.it
² NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
³ Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Lab, University Park, PA 16802, USA
⁴ INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via E. Bianchi 46, 23807 Merate (LC), Italy
⁵ Universita‘ degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza delle Scienze 3, 20126 Milano, Italy
⁶ INAF, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo, via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
⁷ Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK

Received: 10 August 2010
Accepted: 4 January 2011

Abstract

Aims. An accurate census of the active galactic nuclei (AGN) is a key step in investigating the nature of the correlation between the growth and evolution of super massive black holes and galaxy evolution. X-ray surveys provide one of the most efficient ways of selecting AGN.

Methods. We searched for X-ray serendipitous sources in over 370 Swift-XRT fields centered on gamma ray bursts detected between 2004 and 2008 and observed with total exposures ranging from 10 ks to over 1 Ms. This defines the Swift Serendipitous Survey in deep XRT GRB fields, which is quite broad compared to existing surveys (~33 square degrees) and medium depth, with a faintest flux limit of 7.2 × 10^-16 erg cm^-2 s^-1 in the 0.5 to 2 keV energy range (4.8 × 10^-15 erg cm^-2 s^-1 at 50% completeness). The survey has a high degree of uniformity thanks to the stable point spread function and small vignetting correction factors of the XRT, moreover is completely random on the sky as GRBs explode in totally unrelated parts of the sky.

Results. In this paper we present the sample and the X-ray number counts of the high Galactic-latitude sample, estimated with high statistics over a wide flux range (i.e., 7.2 × 10^-16 ÷  ~ 5 × 10^-13 erg cm^-2 s^-1 in the 0.5–2 keV band and 3.4 × 10^-15 ÷  ~ 6 × 10^-13 erg cm^-2 s^-1 in the 2–10 keV band). We detect 9387 point-like sources with a detection Poisson probability threshold of  ≤ 2 × 10^-5, in at least one of the three energy bands considered (i.e. 0.3–3 keV, 2–10 keV, and 0.3–10 keV), for the total sample, while 7071 point-like sources are found at high Galactic-latitudes (i.e.  |b|  ≥ 20 deg). The large number of detected sources resulting from the combination of large area and deep flux limits make this survey a new important tool for investigating the evolution of AGN. In particular, the large area permits finding rare high-luminosity objects like QSO2, which are poorly sampled by other surveys, adding precious information for the luminosity function bright end. The high Galactic-latitude log    N–log    S relation is well determined over all the flux coverage, and it is nicely consistent with previous results at 1σ confidence level. By the hard X-ray color analysis, we find that the Swift Serendipitous Survey in deep XRT GRB fields samples relatively unobscured and mildly obscured AGN, with a fraction of obscured sources of  ~37% (~15%) in the 2–10 (0.3–3 keV) band.