| Issue |
A&A
Volume 411, Number 2, November IV 2003
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Page(s) | 71 - 76 | |
| Section | Extragalactic astronomy | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20031334 | |
| Published online | 17 November 2003 | |
Ratio of energies radiated in the universe through accretive processes and nucleosynthesis
1
INTEGRAL Science Data Centre, ch. d'Écogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
2
Observatoire de Genève, ch. des Maillettes 51, 1290 Sauverny, Switzerland
Corresponding author: J. A. Zurita Heras, Juan.Zurita@obs.unige.ch
Received:
8
July
2002
Accepted:
30
July
2003
We present here a new determination of the ratio of energies radiated
by active galactic nuclei and by stars and discuss the reasons for the
apparently conflicting results found in previous studies.
We conclude that the energy radiated by accretion processes onto super
massive black holes is about 1 to 5% of the energy radiated by stars.
We also estimate that the total mass accreted on average by a super
massive black hole at the centre of a typical 
galaxy
is of about 
.
Key words: galaxies: active / stars: evolution
© ESO, 2003
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