Directly deriving atmospheric parameters for one million stars from SMSS photometric images Shanshan Li, Fan Wu, Yude Bu, Mengmeng Zhang, Jiangchuan Zhang, Zhenping Yi, Meng Liu and Xiaoming Kong A&A, 698 (2025) A322 Published online: 26 June 2025 DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202452365