The diverse physical origins of stars in the dynamically hot bulge: CALIFA versus IllustrisTNG Le Zhang, Ling Zhu, Annalisa Pillepich, Min Du, Fangzhou Jiang and Jesús Falcón-Barroso A&A, 699 (2025) A320 Published online: 16 July 2025 DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202451292