X-ray luminosity function of Compton-thick active galactic nuclei in the early Universe (z ≥ 3) - Robustness and biases of the CTK population

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Volume 712 (August 2026)

A&A, 712 (2026) A20

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Table 2.

Best-fit model parameters from CIGALE SED fitting.

Source ^(a)	Survey	Redshift ^(b)	Red.χ²	AGN fraction		Inclination		$log L_{6 μ m}^{AGN}$ $Mathematical equation: $ \log L_{6\,{\upmu}\mathrm{m}}^{\mathrm{AGN}} $$ ^(c)		$log N_{H}^{IR}$ $Mathematical equation: $ \log N_{\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{IR}} $$ ^(d)

				bayes	best	bayes	best	bayes	best
hz414292	XXL-N	3.24	2.5	< 0.37	0.1	52 ± 8	50	$45 . 3_{- 0.5}^{+ 0.2}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 45.3_{-0.5}^{+0.2} $$	45.2	$23 . 7_{- 0.6}^{+ 0.7}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 23.7^{+0.7}_{-0.6} $$
hz434324	XXL-N	3.16	1.5	< 0.40	0.2	64 ± 22	30	< 44.8	44.0	$23 . 5_{- 1.8}^{+ 0.5}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 23.5^{+0.5}_{-1.8} $$
cdfs101	CDF-S	3.47	0.5	< 0.37	0.8	63 ± 18	50	$44 . 5_{- 0.8}^{+ 0.3}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 44.5_{-0.8}^{+0.3} $$	44.8	24.9 ± 1.0
cdfs337	CDF-S	3.6600	3.8	0.54 ± 0.19	0.5	75 ± 14	50	$45 . 1_{- 0.2}^{+ 0.1}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 45.1_{-0.2}^{+0.1} $$	44.9	24.2 ± 0.3
cdfs657	CDF-S	3.47	0.8	< 0.30	0.3	71 ± 19	70	< 44.1	43.9	24.0 ± 0.2
lid_1278	CCLS	3.01	2.0	0.51 ± 0.18	0.7	73 ± 11	70	$45 . 0_{- 0.2}^{+ 0.1}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 45.0_{-0.2}^{+0.1} $$	45.2	$23 . 3_{- 0.2}^{+ 0.4}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 23.3^{+0.4}_{-0.2} $$
cid_965	CCLS	3.1780	0.4	0.73 ± 0.10	0.8	50 ± 1	50	$45 . 41_{- 0.05}^{+ 0.04}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 45.41_{-0.05}^{+0.04} $$	45.4	$24 . 2_{- 0.5}^{+ 0.2}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 24.2^{+0.2}_{-0.5} $$
lid_439	CCLS	2.93	4.8	0.63 ± 0.17	0.5	76 ± 12	70	$44 . 7_{- 0.2}^{+ 0.1}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 44.7_{-0.2}^{+0.1} $$	44.8	$23 . 6_{- 0.6}^{+ 0.13}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 23.6^{+0.13}_{-0.6} $$
cdfn158	CDF-N	3.19	2.4	0.35 ± 0.18	0.3	50 ± 4	50	$45 . 5_{- 0.2}^{+ 0.1}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 45.5_{-0.2}^{+0.1} $$	45.5	$25 . 0_{- 0.6}^{+ 1.0}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 25.0^{+1.0}_{-0.6} $$
cdfn257	CDF-N	2.95	0.5	< 0.3	0.4	67 ± 19	50	$44 . 1_{- 0.8}^{+ 0.3}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 44.1_{-0.8}^{+0.3} $$	44.2	$24 . 5_{- 0.7}^{+ 1.5}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 24.5^{+1.5}_{-0.7} $$

Notes. (a) Sources that remain high likelihood CTK (P(log N_H > 24) > 0.8 after our SED analysis showed in boldface; (b) Bold values correspond to spectroscopic redshifts; (c) Decimal logarithm of the luminosity of the AGN component at 6 μm in C.G.S. units; (d) Decimal logarithm of the N_H estimated with the IR-updated posteriors, following the method presented in Sect. 3.2. Errors and upper-limits correspond to 1-σ confidence intervals.

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