X-ray luminosity function of Compton-thick active galactic nuclei in the early Universe (z ≥ 3) - Robustness and biases of the CTK population

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Volume 712 (August 2026)

A&A, 712 (2026) A20

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Table 1.

High-redshift CTK candidates.

Source	Survey	RA	Dec	Redshift ^a	log L_X^b	log N_H^c	Prob. CTK
hz414292	XXL-N	02:19:01.4	−05:40:11.10	3.24^†	$46 . 2_{- 1.1}^{+ 0.3}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 46.2_{-1.1}^{+0.3} $$	> 23.5	0.70
hz434324	XXL-N	02:22:16.4	−04:59:33.26	3.16	$45 . 8_{- 1.1}^{+ 0.3}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 45.8_{-1.1}^{+0.3} $$	> 23.6	0.84
cdfs101	CDF-S	03:32:01.6	−27:44:02.88	3.47	$44 . 7_{- 0.3}^{+ 0.3}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 44.7_{-0.3}^{+0.3} $$	> 24.4	0.95
cdfs337	CDF-S	03:32:18.8	−27:51:35.29	3.6600	$44 . 7_{- 0.3}^{+ 0.4}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 44.7_{-0.3}^{+0.4} $$	$24 . 16_{- 0.33}^{+ 0.53}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 24.16_{-0.33}^{+0.53} $$	0.93
cdfs657	CDF-S	03:32:35.2	−27:52:15.30	3.47	$44 . 1_{- 0.2}^{+ 0.5}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 44.1_{-0.2}^{+0.5} $$	$24 . 04_{- 0.23}^{+ 0.85}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 24.04_{-0.23}^{+0.85} $$	0.84
lid_1278	CCLS	09:58:38.2	+01:35:46.76	3.01	$45 . 9_{- 1.0}^{+ 0.4}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 45.9_{-1.0}^{+0.4} $$	> 23.6	0.87
cid_965	CCLS	10:00:36.5	+02:18:28.14	3.1780	$45 . 4_{- 0.5}^{+ 0.4}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 45.4_{-0.5}^{+0.4} $$	$24 . 16_{- 0.34}^{+ 1.54}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 24.16_{-0.34}^{+1.54} $$	0.86
lid_439	CCLS	10:01:59.0	+02:48:02.62	2.93	$45 . 9_{- 1.0}^{+ 0.3}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 45.9_{-1.0}^{+0.3} $$	$24 . 56_{- 0.94}^{+ 1.37}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 24.56_{-0.94}^{+1.37} $$	0.85
cdfn158	CDF-N	12:36:19.9	+62:19:10.20	3.19	$45 . 2_{- 0.2}^{+ 0.2}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 45.2_{-0.2}^{+0.2} $$	> 24.5	0.97
cdfn257	CDF-N	12:36:36.9	+62:13:20.10	2.95^†	$44 . 4_{- 1.3}^{+ 0.2}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 44.4_{-1.3}^{+0.2} $$	$23 . 5_{- 0.3}^{+ 2.0}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 23.5_{-0.3}^{+2.0} $$	0.72

Notes. (a) Bold values correspond to spectroscopic redshifts; (b) Decimal logarithm of the 2−10 keV luminosity, absorption corrected, in erg s⁻¹; (c) Decimal logarithm of the hydrogen column density, in units of cm⁻². † Updated redshift after visual inspection of the optical and IR counterparts. Quoted uncertainties (or lower limits) correspond to 90% highest probability density intervals. Sources selected from the Pouliasis et al. (2024) sample of high-redshift AGNs.

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