Schematic of the jet geometry. The approaching jet propagates from the nucleus at angle θ_obs to the line of sight. The radio and optical centroids (z_radio, z_opt) are projected onto the sky plane, defining the apparent offset d_app into the sky plane from the observer’s point of view. The solid line in the jet marks z(v = 0.9c); the stellar distribution (r_c, s) is shown in orange (not drawn to scale).