Fig. 3

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Temperature and pressure profiles (x-axis and y-axis, respectively) for two interior heating scenarios: 10 (left panel) and 400K (right panel), computed for quiescent AU Mic irradiation. The profiles represent a hypothetical early exo-Earth with 1 M⊕, 1 R⊕ located at an orbital distance producing an equilibrium temperature of 500 K. The atmospheric grid spans primordial compositions with water-vapour abundances ranging from 100% down to 0.1%, with the remaining fraction composed primarily of hydrogen and helium at solar abundances. Convective zones are displayed as broader light grey shadowed lines. All atmospheric structures were self-consistently calculated using the HELIOS code from equilibrium state reached in Fastchem.
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