Fig. 1

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Habitable zone evolution for M dwarfs with 0.5 M⊙, showing the shifts in planetary equilibrium temperature (Teq) and atmospheric condition with stellar age (calculated using MESA Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (MIST; Dotter 2016; Paxton et al. 2019)). The dashed lines denote HZ boundaries (recent Venus, runaway greenhouse, maximum greenhouse, early Mars; Kopparapu et al. 2014), and the solid lines trace isotherms (600, 500, 463, 342, and 279 K). The circles mark known exoplanets in the AU Mic system (22 Myr) across orbital separations.
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