Table 2
Extracted brightnesses of Lyα sources, surface albedo values, and relative line-of-sight velocities to the Earth and Sun.
| Visit # |
Date YYYY-MM-DD |
Foregrounda (R) |
IPH backgroundb (R) |
Surface reflectionc (R) |
Albedo (%) |
H exosphered (R) |
vrad,geo (km/s) |
vrad,sun (km/s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1999-10-05 | 4052 | 287 | 1364 | 1.69 (±0.02) | 105.7 (±10.5) | 4.7 | 13.8 |
| 2 | 2012-11-08 | 3119 | 215 | 1226 | 1.84 (±0.02) | 46.4 (±9.8) | −2.6 | 10.5 |
| 3 | 2012-12-30 | 4850 | 225 | 805 | 1.33 (±0.03) | 45.7 (±11.2) | 1.5 | −13.0 |
| 4 | 2014-01-22 | 4242 | 297 | 947 | 1.32 (±0.03) | 45.9 (±10.4) | −0.9 | −10.4 |
| 5 | 2014-02-02 | 4861 | 316 | 998 | 1.48 (±0.03) | 109.1 (±13.0) | 6.4 | −8.9 |
| 6 | 2014-11-07 | 7754 | 348 | 1264 | 2.19 (±0.12) | 139.0 (±33.6) | −16.7 | 12.3 |
| 8 | 2014-12-07 | 4051 | 384 | 878 | 1.47 (±0.05) | 131.5 (±15.8) | −35.3 | −11.2 |
| 9 | 2014-12-16 | 4621 | 382 | 1304 | 2.02 (±0.05) | 136.8 (±18.2) | −12.7 | 12.1 |
| 11 | 2015-01-18 | 3185 | 401 | 1291 | 2.03 (±0.03) | 67.5 (±13.4) | 3.5 | 14.3 |
| 12 | 2015-01-26 | 3179 | 343 | 959 | 1.70 (±0.04) | 137.3 (±10.6) | −19.3 | −13.1 |
| 13 | 2015-02-22 | 3532 | 342 | 1184 | 2.06 (±0.03) | 115.5 (±10.1) | 22.5 | 14.2 |
| 14 | 2015-02-24 | 3588 | 355 | 892 | 1.56 (±0.03) | 67.5 (±8.3) | −4.0 | −13.1 |
| 15 | 2015-03-09 | 4034 | 373 | 1163 | 1.94 (±0.03) | 137.1 (±9.4) | 26.4 | 12.1 |
| 16 | 2015-03-21 | 3330 | 355 | 938 | 1.58 (±0.03) | 127.8 (±9.9) | 13.8 | −7.8 |
| 18 | 2015-03-28 | 4083 | 384 | 954 | 1.58 (±0.04) | 129.0 (±10.8) | 14.5 | −9.3 |
| 21 | 2018-04-07 | 2486 | 311 | 915 | 2.17 (±0.06) | 62.2 (±11.8) | −17.0 | 0.3 |
| 22 | 2018-05-08 | 2639 | 314 | 740 | 1.74 (±0.04) | 57.0 (±9.0) | −14.8 | −14.2 |
| 23 | 2018-06-04 | 3229 | 319 | 922 | 2.12 (±0.04) | 64.4 (±8.9) | 25.8 | 13.1 |
| 24 | 2018-06-12 | 3343 | 319 | 681 | 1.60 (±0.05) | 0.0 (±12.9) | 2.1 | −13.9 |
| 25 | 2018-06-14 | 3405 | 318 | 1031 | 2.41 (±0.06) | 69.2 (±13.1) | 20.6 | 2.3 |
| 26 | 2018-07-01 | 2318 | 309 | 768 | 1.84 (±0.05) | 75.5 (±11.0) | 16.8 | −7.4 |
| 28 | 2019-07-30 | 3063 | 322 | 704 | 1.63 (±0.07) | 46.8 (±15.7) | 7.2 | −13.4 |
| 29 | 2020-08-17 | 2087 | 324 | 668 | 1.52 (±0.03) | 17.3 (±8.3) | 1.7 | −14.4 |
Notes. aForeground brightness is extracted from the data away from Europa. bIPH brightness is modeled (Pryor et al. 2024).c Surface reflection is the disk-average brightness of only the solar reflected component in the model. dThe H exosphere brightness is the disk center value corresponding to the vertical column density, see Eq. (1).
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