Dust evolution during protoplanetary disk buildup enhances CO ice relative to water

Open Access

Fig. 2

Evolution of the CO-to-H₂O ice ratio as a function of time and space in the fiducial model without disk buildup (left) and with disk buildup taken into account (right). We note that the x-axis is different from that in Fig. 1 as this figure is centered at the CO snow line.

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