Circular velocity and distributions in x − z, and y − z plans of the initial disk particles. In the left panel, the orange curve shows the total circular velocity curve of the Galaxy derived by the DF model, the dashed blue and dotted curves denote the spheroidal and disk components respectively. The black and blue data points are the observational results based on Ceipheids (Ablimit et al. 2020) and red giants (Eilers et al. 2019) respectively. The middle and right panels show the spatial distribution of the initial disk particles, in x − z and y − z plane respectively.