The average X-ray spectrum of the volume-complete M-, F-, G-, and K-type star sample within 10 pc of the Sun

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Table 2

Model parameters and values for M-dwarf averaged spectrum.

Param.	APEC	VAPEC	2T-APEC	2T-VAPEC	3T-APEC	3T-VAPEC		APEC +GAUSS
kT₁	0.66 ± 0.02	0.46 ± 0.02	0.27 (± 0.01, ±0.01)	$0.26 (\pm 0.02,_{- 0.01}^{+ 0.04})$ $Mathematical equation: $0.26 (\pm0.02, {}^{+0.04}_{-0.01} )$$	$0.10 (\pm 0.10,_{- 0.09}^{+ 0.01})$ $Mathematical equation: $0.10 (\pm0.10,{}^{+0.01}_{-0.09})$$	0.09±0.09	kT₁	0.60 ± 0.02
N₁	3.7 ± 0.1	4.9 ± 0.3	$1.7 (\pm 0.1,_{- 0.3}^{+ 0.1})$ $Mathematical equation: $1.7 (\pm 0.1,^{+0.1}_{-0.3})$$	$2.7 (\pm 0.6,_{- 0.7}^{+ 0.1})$ $Mathematical equation: $2.7 (\pm 0.6, {}^{+0.1}_{-0.7})$$	$0.3 (_{- 0.2}^{+ 37.3},_{- 0.1}^{+ 180.0})$ $Mathematical equation: $0.3 ({}^{+37.3}_{-0.2} ,{}^{+180.0}_{-0.1})$$	${0.7}_{- 0.6}^{+ 0.5}$ $Mathematical equation: $0.7^{+0.5}_{-0.6}$$	N₁	3.7 ± 0.2
Z or A_Rest	0.061 ± 0.006	0.10 ± 0.04	$0.28 (\pm 0.04,_{- 0.01}^{+ 0.08})$ $Mathematical equation: $0.28 (\pm 0.04, {}^{+0.08}_{-0.01})$$	$0.15 (_{- 0.08}^{+ 0.11},_{- 0.08}^{+ 0.05})$ $Mathematical equation: $0.15 ({}^{+0.11}_{-0.08},{}^{+0.05}_{-0.08})$$	$0.31 (\pm 0.06,_{- 0.01}^{+ 0.70})$ $Mathematical equation: $0.31 (\pm0.06, {}^{+0.70}_{-0.01})$$	${0.143}_{- 0.05}^{+ 0.08}$ $Mathematical equation: $0.143^{+0.08}_{-0.05}$$	Z	0.048 ± 0.006
kT₂			$0.94 (\pm 0.03,_{- 0.01}^{+ 0.05})$ $Mathematical equation: $0.94 (\pm 0.03,{}^{+0.05}_{-0.01})$$	$0.96 (\pm 0.05, \pm 0.04)$ $Mathematical equation: $0.96 (\pm0.05, \pm0.04)$$	$0.27 (\pm 0.02, \pm 0.07)$ $Mathematical equation: $0.27 (\pm 0.02,\pm0.07)$$	${0.26}_{- 0.06}^{+ 0.03}$ $Mathematical equation: $0.26^{+0.03}_{-0.06}$$	E_G1	0.58 ± 0.02
N₂			$1.1 (\pm 0.1,_{- 0.2}^{+ 0.1})$ $Mathematical equation: $1.1 (\pm 0.1,{}^{+0.1}_{-0.2})$$	$1.6 (\pm 0.3,_{- 0.3}^{+ 0.1})$ $Mathematical equation: $1.6 (\pm0.3,{}^{+0.1}_{-0.3})$$	$1.5 (\pm 0.2,_{- 0.2}^{+ 0.1})$ $Mathematical equation: $1.5 (\pm 0.2,{}^{+0.1}_{-0.2})$$	${1.5}_{- 0.7}^{+ 0.5}$ $Mathematical equation: $1.5^{+0.5}_{-0.7}$$	N_G1	0.03 ± 0.02
kT₃					$0.95 (\pm 0.03,_{- 0.01}^{+ 0.05})$ $Mathematical equation: $0.95 (\pm 0.03,{}^{+0.05}_{-0.01})$$	${0.63}_{- 0.04}^{+ 0.09}$ $Mathematical equation: $0.63^{+0.09}_{-0.04}$$	E_G2	0.652 ± 0.009
N₃					$1.0 (\pm 0.1,_{- 0.2}^{+ 0.1})$ $Mathematical equation: $1.0 (\pm 0.1,{}^{+0.1}_{-0.2})$$	${2.6}_{- 0.8}^{+ 0.4}$ $Mathematical equation: $2.6^{+0.4}_{-0.8}$$	N_G2	0.05 ± 0.01
A_O		${0.12}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.04}$ $Mathematical equation: $0.12^{+0.04}_{-0.03}$$		$0.16 (\pm 0.06,_{- 0.01}^{+ 0.08})$ $Mathematical equation: $0.16 (\pm 0.06, {}^{+0.08}_{-0.01})$$		${0.18}_{- 0.05}^{+ 0.09}$ $Mathematical equation: $0.18_{-0.05}^{+0.09}$$	E_G3	0.920 ± 0.007
A_Ne		0.47 ± 0.03		$0.2 (\pm 0.1,_{- 0.1}^{+ 0.2})$ $Mathematical equation: $0.2 (\pm 0.1, {}^{+0.2}_{-0.1})$$		0.7 ± 0.2	N_G3	0.06 ± 0.01
A_Si		0.3 ± 0.1		$0.1 (\pm 0.1,_{- 0.1}^{+ 0.2})$ $Mathematical equation: $0.1 (\pm 0.1,{}^{+0.2}_{-0.1})$$		0.18 ± 0.10	E_G4	1.020 ± 0.007
A_Fe		0.041 ± 0.008		$0.20 (\pm 0.02,_{- 0.06}^{+ 0.02})$ $Mathematical equation: $0.20 (\pm0.02, {}^{+0.02}_{-0.06})$$		0.07 ± 0.02	N_G4	0.047 ± 0.007

$χ_{ν}^{2} (\frac{χ^{2}}{d . o . f .})$ $Mathematical equation: $\chi_{\nu}^2\ (\frac{\chi^2}{\mathrm{d.o.f.}})$$	$2.12 (\frac{531.65}{251})$ $Mathematical equation: $2.12(\frac{531.65}{251})$$	$1.03 (\frac{255.33}{247})$ $Mathematical equation: $1.03(\frac{255.33}{247})$$	$0.93 (\frac{231.50}{249})$ $Mathematical equation: $0.93(\frac{231.50}{249})$$	$0.92 (\frac{225.19}{245})$ $Mathematical equation: $0.92(\frac{225.19}{245})$$	$0.91 (\frac{224.58}{247})$ $Mathematical equation: $0.91(\frac{224.58}{247})$$	$0.84 (\frac{202.24}{243})$ $Mathematical equation: $0.84(\frac{202.24}{243})$$	$χ_{ν}^{2} (\frac{χ^{2}}{d . o . f .})$ $Mathematical equation: $\chi_{\nu}^2\ (\frac{\chi^2}{\mathrm{d.o.f.}})$$	$0.93 (\frac{225.16}{243})$ $Mathematical equation: $0.93(\frac{225.16}{243})$$
AIC	537.65	269.33	241.50	243.19	238.58	224.24	AIC	247.16
BIC	548.26	294.09	259.20	275.03	263.34	264.15	BIC	286.07

Notes. The normalisation N_apec is in the unit $10^{- 4} \frac{10^{- 14}}{4 π (10 p c)^{2}} {c m}^{- 5}$ $Mathematical equation: $10^{-4}\frac{{10}^{-14}}{4\pi(10 {\rm pc})^2}~ \mathrm{cm}^{-5}$$ . The set of abundances is bonded for all components of a model. The error reported corresponds to 90 % confidence, assuming chi-squared statistics. In the models 2T-APEC, 2T-VAPEC, and 3T-APEC, the second error is the 90% confidence interval from the bootstrap re-sampling distribution (Appendix E). $A_{e l e m e n t} = \frac{(n_{Z} / n_{H})_{p l a s m a}}{(n_{Z} / n_{H})_{⊙}}$ $Mathematical equation: $A_{\rm element}=\frac{(n_{Z}/n_{H})_{\rm plasma}}{(n_{Z}/n_{H})_{\odot}}$$ . The 2T-APEC model was selected to model the flux.

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