Before its time: A remarkably evolved protocluster core at z = 7.88

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Table 2.

Properties of our protocluster-resident sample, obtained by SED fitting.

Name	log₁₀(N_HI [cm⁻²])	log(M_★ [M_⊙])	SFR₁₀ [M_⊙/yr]	SFR₁₀₀ [M_⊙/yr]
Core-resident galaxies
YD7-E	22.1 ± 0.3	$9 . 17_{- 0.06}^{+ 0.06}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 9.17^{+0.06}_{-0.06} $$	$1 . 68_{- 1.10}^{+ 1.65}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 1.68^{+1.65}_{-1.10} $$	$4 . 87_{- 2.69}^{+ 4.98}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 4.87^{+4.98}_{-2.69} $$
ZD6	22.1 ± 0.5	$9 . 08_{- 0.06}^{+ 0.04}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 9.08^{+0.04}_{-0.06} $$	$2 . 35_{- 0.93}^{+ 1.28}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 2.35^{+1.28}_{-0.93} $$	$2 . 24_{- 1.25}^{+ 2.46}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 2.24^{+2.46}_{-1.25} $$
YD4	22.9 ± 0.1	$9 . 04_{- 0.17}^{+ 0.17}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 9.04^{+0.17}_{-0.17} $$	$11 . 82_{- 5.38}^{+ 4.85}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 11.82^{+4.85}_{-5.38} $$	$4 . 75_{- 2.75}^{+ 5.55}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 4.75^{+5.55}_{-2.75} $$
ZD12-E	< 21.5	$8 . 96_{- 0.05}^{+ 0.05}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 8.96^{+0.05}_{-0.05} $$	$1 . 03_{- 0.88}^{+ 1.88}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 1.03^{+1.88}_{-0.88} $$	$3 . 33_{- 1.95}^{+ 4.42}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 3.33^{+4.42}_{-1.95} $$
YD6	22.1 ± 0.8	$8 . 84_{- 0.11}^{+ 0.10}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 8.84^{+0.10}_{-0.11} $$	$4 . 85_{- 2.46}^{+ 4.15}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 4.85^{+4.15}_{-2.46} $$	$3 . 19_{- 1.99}^{+ 4.17}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 3.19^{+4.17}_{-1.99} $$
YD1	22.2 ± 1.0	$8 . 74_{- 0.19}^{+ 0.19}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 8.74^{+0.19}_{-0.19} $$	$9 . 12_{- 3.13}^{+ 4.29}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 9.12^{+4.29}_{-3.13} $$	$2 . 02_{- 1.05}^{+ 1.83}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 2.02^{+1.83}_{-1.05} $$
YD7-W	22.3 ± 0.5	$8 . 65_{- 0.25}^{+ 0.14}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 8.65^{+0.14}_{-0.25} $$	$8 . 61_{- 4.19}^{+ 9.42}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 8.61^{+9.42}_{-4.19} $$	$2 . 28_{- 1.72}^{+ 3.07}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 2.28^{+3.07}_{-1.72} $$
ZD3	22.0 ± 0.3	$8 . 62_{- 0.09}^{+ 0.16}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 8.62^{+0.16}_{-0.09} $$	$2 . 84_{- 1.42}^{+ 3.21}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 2.84^{+3.21}_{-1.42} $$	$1 . 81_{- 1.28}^{+ 3.75}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 1.81^{+3.75}_{-1.28} $$
ZD12-W	22.6 ± 0.3	$8 . 55_{- 0.13}^{+ 0.10}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 8.55^{+0.10}_{-0.13} $$	$2 . 40_{- 0.70}^{+ 0.96}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 2.40^{+0.96}_{-0.70} $$	$0 . 99_{- 0.50}^{+ 0.60}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 0.99^{+0.60}_{-0.50} $$
ZD1	22.9 ± 0.6	$8 . 24_{- 0.11}^{+ 0.09}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 8.24^{+0.09}_{-0.11} $$	$0 . 41_{- 0.27}^{+ 0.38}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 0.41^{+0.38}_{-0.27} $$	$0 . 59_{- 0.33}^{+ 0.59}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 0.59^{+0.59}_{-0.33} $$
s1	22.8 ± 1.2	$7 . 35_{- 0.19}^{+ 0.17}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 7.35^{+0.17}_{-0.19} $$	$1 . 04_{- 0.28}^{+ 0.41}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 1.04^{+0.41}_{-0.28} $$	$0 . 13_{- 0.05}^{+ 0.10}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 0.13^{+0.10}_{-0.05} $$

Non-core-resident galaxies
ALT-41799	22.2 ± 0.3	$9 . 08_{- 0.07}^{+ 0.09}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 9.08^{+0.09}_{-0.07} $$	$10 . 70_{- 3.46}^{+ 4.55}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 10.70^{+4.55}_{-3.46} $$	$3 . 43_{- 1.69}^{+ 2.68}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 3.43^{+2.68}_{-1.69} $$
PC2-W	22.1 ± 0.3	$8 . 39_{- 0.07}^{+ 0.09}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 8.39^{+0.09}_{-0.07} $$	$2 . 33_{- 0.81}^{+ 1.03}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 2.33^{+1.03}_{-0.81} $$	$1 . 54_{- 0.65}^{+ 0.84}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 1.54^{+0.84}_{-0.65} $$
ZD4	23.0 ± 0.3 ^a	$8 . 27_{- 0.28}^{+ 0.14}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 8.27^{+0.14}_{-0.28} $$	$1 . 66_{- 0.83}^{+ 1.01}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 1.66^{+1.01}_{-0.83} $$	$0 . 62_{- 0.41}^{+ 0.74}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 0.62^{+0.74}_{-0.41} $$
ZD2	< 21.5	$8 . 21_{- 0.04}^{+ 0.22}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 8.21^{+0.22}_{-0.04} $$	$14 . 44_{- 0.71}^{+ 1.62}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 14.44^{+1.62}_{-0.71} $$	$1 . 45_{- 0.08}^{+ 0.58}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 1.45^{+0.58}_{-0.08} $$
YD8	< 21.5	$8 . 17_{- 0.13}^{+ 0.22}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 8.17^{+0.22}_{-0.13} $$	$4 . 88_{- 1.19}^{+ 1.96}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 4.88^{+1.96}_{-1.19} $$	$0 . 92_{- 0.41}^{+ 0.89}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 0.92^{+0.89}_{-0.41} $$
z8-2	< 21.5	$8 . 12_{- 0.07}^{+ 0.14}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 8.12^{+0.14}_{-0.07} $$	$11 . 10_{- 1.07}^{+ 4.76}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 11.10^{+4.76}_{-1.07} $$	$1 . 3_{- 0.2}^{+ 0.6}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 1.3^{+0.6}_{-0.2} $$
PC3	< 21.5	$8 . 07_{- 0.10}^{+ 0.15}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 8.07^{+0.15}_{-0.10} $$	$7 . 70_{- 2.28}^{+ 1.63}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 7.70^{+1.63}_{-2.28} $$	$0 . 91_{- 0.35}^{+ 0.62}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 0.91^{+0.62}_{-0.35} $$
PC2-E	21.7 ± 1.0	$7 . 93_{- 0.14}^{+ 0.13}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 7.93^{+0.13}_{-0.14} $$	$2 . 78_{- 0.60}^{+ 0.67}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 2.78^{+0.67}_{-0.60} $$	$0 . 38_{- 0.12}^{+ 0.20}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 0.38^{+0.20}_{-0.12} $$
PC4	< 21.5	$7 . 83_{- 0.20}^{+ 0.16}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 7.83^{+0.16}_{-0.20} $$	$2 . 05_{- 0.81}^{+ 0.98}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 2.05^{+0.98}_{-0.81} $$	$0 . 36_{- 0.21}^{+ 0.35}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 0.36^{+0.35}_{-0.21} $$
PC1	< 21.5	$7 . 53_{- 0.26}^{+ 0.23}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 7.53^{+0.23}_{-0.26} $$	$1 . 26_{- 0.32}^{+ 0.54}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 1.26^{+0.54}_{-0.32} $$	$0 . 18_{- 0.08}^{+ 0.19}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 0.18^{+0.19}_{-0.08} $$
PC5	22.9 ± 0.5	$7 . 20_{- 0.18}^{+ 0.15}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 7.20^{+0.15}_{-0.18} $$	$0 . 95_{- 0.18}^{+ 0.37}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 0.95^{+0.37}_{-0.18} $$	$0 . 10_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.09}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 0.10^{+0.09}_{-0.03} $$
PC6	< 21.5	$7 . 18_{- 0.16}^{+ 0.39}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 7.18^{+0.39}_{-0.16} $$	$0 . 94_{- 0.37}^{+ 0.71}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 0.94^{+0.71}_{-0.37} $$	$0 . 10_{- 0.04}^{+ 0.11}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 0.10^{+0.11}_{-0.04} $$

Notes. The results of SED fitting the PRGs, where SFR₁₀ and SFR₁₀₀ denote the average star-formation rate (SFR) in the previous 10 and 100 Myr. Note that, as with all galaxy properties reported in this paper, these values are corrected for magnification. Galaxies have been separated into core and non-core-resident galaxies, as defined in Section 6. ^a The N_HI of ZD4 has been calculated from its spectrum as it shows strong Lyman-α (Lyα) emission that contaminates the F115W filter (Witten et al., in prep.).

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