Example of binary evolution. In panel (1), the evolutionary tracks of the donor stars are represented by solid lines and the orbital period evolution with dashed curves. In panel (2), the solid and dashed lines indicate the donor star mass (M₂) and the WD mass (M_WD), respectively. In panel (3), the solid, dashed, and dotted lines correspond to the mass transfer rate (${\dot{M}}_2$), the mass growth rate of the CO WD (${\dot{M}}_{\mathrm{WD}}$), and the mass of the CE (M_CE), respectively. The black, red, and blue lines represent δ_ov = 0.00, 0.25, and 0.50, respectively. The initial binary parameters and the parameters at the time of the SN Ia explosion are also provided in panel (1).