The HOSTS survey: Suspected variable dust emission and constraints on companions around θ Boo

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Volume 699 (July 2025)

A&A, 699 (2025) A107

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Table 6

Results of modeling for the combined and individual 2017, 2018, and 2023 datasets using the disk, wide ring, and thin ring geometries.

Observing night(s)	Geometry	Σ₀/10⁻⁵ (au²/au²)	R_in (au)	R_out (au)	α	z	χ²	$χ_{red}^{2}$ $\chi^2_\text{red}$
All nights	Disk	${0.86}_{- 0.28}^{+ 0.32}$ $\boldsymbol{0.86^{+0.32}_{-0.28}}$	0.07	20	${1.38}_{- 0.43}^{+ 0.38}$ $\boldsymbol{1.38^{+0.38}_{-0.43}}$	$305_{- 44}^{+ 34}$ $305^{+34}_{-44}$	${34.4}_{- 1.11}^{+ 2.78}$ $34.4^{+2.78}_{-1.11}$	${2.65}_{- 0.09}^{+ 0.21}$ $2.65^{+0.21}_{-0.09}$
	Wide ring	${7.30}_{- 2.12}^{+ 2.75}$ $\boldsymbol{7.30^{+2.75}_{-2.12}}$	${2.05}_{- 0.35}^{+ 0.42}$ $\boldsymbol{2.05^{+0.42}_{-0.35}}$	NC	0	$1025_{- 298}^{+ 386}$ $1025^{+386}_{-298}$	${36.0}_{- 1.22}^{+ 2.62}$ $36.0^{+2.62}_{-1.22}$	${3.00}_{- 0.10}^{+ 0.22}$ $3.00^{+0.22}_{-0.10}$
	Thin ring	${54.5}_{- 5.58}^{+ 6.54}$ $\boldsymbol{54.5^{+6.54}_{-5.58}}$	${2.95}_{- 0.36}^{+ 0.53}$ $\boldsymbol{2.95^{+0.53}_{-0.36}}$	${3.25}_{- 0.40}^{+ 0.58}$ $3.25^{+0.58}_{-0.40}$	0	0	${38.9}_{- 1.12}^{+ 3.40}$ $38.9^{+3.40}_{-1.12}$	${2.99}_{- 0.09}^{+ 0.26}$ $2.99^{+0.26}_{-0.09}$
2017-04-11	Disk	${0.38}_{- 0.26}^{+ 0.59}$ $\boldsymbol{0.38^{+0.59}_{-0.26}}$	0.07	20	${1.73}_{- 1.16}^{+ 0.92}$ $\boldsymbol{1.73^{+0.92}_{-1.16}}$	$158_{- 67}^{+ 62}$ $158^{+62}_{-67}$	${4.31}_{- 2.16}^{+ 3.93}$ $4.31^{+3.93}_{-2.16}$	${1.44}_{- 0.72}^{+ 1.31}$ $1.44^{+1.31}_{-0.72}$
	Wide ring	$63_{- 37}^{+ 180}$ $\boldsymbol{63^{+180}_{-37}}$	${6.17}_{- 1.57}^{+ 2.02}$ $\boldsymbol{6.17^{+2.02}_{-1.57}}$	NC	0	0	${4.97}_{- 1.80}^{+ 4.35}$ $4.97^{+4.35}_{-1.80}$	${2.49}_{- 0.90}^{+ 2.20}$ $2.49^{+2.20}_{-0.90}$
	Thin ring	$186_{- 87}^{+ 175}$ $\boldsymbol{186^{+175}_{-87}}$	${6.69}_{- 1.35}^{+ 1.22}$ $\boldsymbol{6.69^{+1.22}_{-1.35}}$	${7.36}_{- 1.48}^{+ 1.34}$ $7.36^{+1.34}_{-1.48}$	0	0	${4.77}_{- 1.34}^{+ 3.22}$ $4.77^{+3.22}_{-1.34}$	${1.59}_{- 0.45}^{+ 1.10}$ $1.59^{+1.10}_{-0.45}$
2018-05-23	Disk	${0.78}_{- 0.32}^{+ 0.46}$ $\boldsymbol{0.78^{+0.46}_{-0.32}}$	0.07	20	${1.6}_{- 0.54}^{+ 0.47}$ $\boldsymbol{1.6^{+0.47}_{-0.54}}$	$322_{- 64}^{+ 53}$ $322^{+53}_{-64}$	${4.08}_{- 1.20}^{+ 2.70}$ $4.08^{+2.70}_{-1.20}$	${1.36}_{- 0.40}^{+ 0.90}$ $1.36^{+0.90}_{-0.40}$
	Wide ring	$14_{- 4.8}^{+ 8.1}$ $\boldsymbol{14^{+8.1}_{-4.8}}$	${2.81}_{- 0.62}^{+ 0.74}$ $\boldsymbol{2.81^{+0.74}_{-0.62}}$	NC	0	0	${4.81}_{- 1.29}^{+ 2.69}$ $4.81^{+2.69}_{-1.29}$	${2.40}_{- 0.65}^{+ 1.35}$ $2.40^{+1.35}_{-0.65}$
	Thin ring	${68.3}_{- 12}^{+ 51}$ $\boldsymbol{68.3^{+51}_{-12}}$	${3.63}_{- 0.69}^{+ 0.85}$ $\boldsymbol{3.63^{+0.85}_{-0.69}}$	${4.00}_{- 0.76}^{+ 0.94}$ $4.00^{+0.94}_{-0.76}$	0	0	${6.34}_{- 1.34}^{+ 3.39}$ $6.34^{+3.39}_{-1.34}$	${2.11}_{- 0.45}^{+ 1.13}$ $2.11^{+1.13}_{-0.45}$
2023-05-25	Disk	${2.98}_{- 0.83}^{+ 0.60}$ $\boldsymbol{2.98^{+0.60}_{-0.83}}$	0.07	20	${0.05}_{- 0.86}^{+ 0.69}$ $\boldsymbol{0.05^{+0.69}_{-0.86}}$	$443_{- 170}^{+ 98}$ $443^{+98}_{-170}$	${4.49}_{- 1.23}^{+ 2.16}$ $4.49^{+2.16}_{-1.23}$	${1.50}_{- 0.41}^{+ 0.72}$ $1.50^{+0.72}_{-0.41}$
	Wide ring	${5.52}_{- 1.97}^{+ 3.67}$ $\boldsymbol{5.52^{+3.67}_{-1.97}}$	${1.29}_{- 0.75}^{+ 0.49}$ $\boldsymbol{1.29^{+0.49}_{-0.75}}$	NC	0	$775_{- 277}^{+ 515}$ $775^{+515}_{-277}$	${3.76}_{- 0.89}^{+ 2.37}$ $3.76^{+2.37}_{-0.89}$	${1.88}_{- 0.45}^{+ 1.20}$ $1.88^{+1.20}_{-0.45}$
	Thin ring	${77.9}_{- 29.2}^{+ 18.7}$ $\boldsymbol{77.9^{+18.7}_{-29.2}}$	${2.42}_{- 0.46}^{+ 0.54}$ $\boldsymbol{2.42^{+0.54}_{-0.46}}$	${2.66}_{- 0.51}^{+ 0.60}$ $2.66^{+0.60}_{-0.51}$	0	0	${3.44}_{- 1.17}^{+ 3.48}$ $3.44^{+3.48}_{-1.17}$	${1.15}_{- 0.39}^{+ 1.16}$ $1.15^{+1.16}_{-0.39}$

Notes. NC stands for not constrained. The parameters fitted by the MCMC are written in bold text with the median values and standard deviations taken from their posteriors, given in Appendix B. Other parameters are either fixed or derived from the fitted ones. The zodi level, z, is estimated by calculating the ratio between Σ(r=EEID) and the zodiacal dust density at 1 au (i.e., 7.12 x 10⁻⁸). Values of z=0 indicate that R_in >2 au, so no dust is expected at the EEID from the corresponding model.

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