Correction for the ESPE of 664 BC. Panel a: Raw annual Δ¹⁴C data (blue curve) for the period 685–600 BC (Brehm et al. 2025) along with the ESPE-modelled time profile (red curve; see Sect. 3.2) superimposed onto a linear trend caused by the slow relaxation of the ¹⁴C atmospheric concentration after the previous grand minimum (dotted orange line). Panel b: Detrended Δ¹⁴C data after the removal of the ESPE profile. Panel c: Reconstructed SN based on the raw (dotted blue curve) and detrended (red curve) Δ¹⁴C data, along with the SN based on the ¹⁴C production rate Q from Brehm et al. (2025). The vertical dashed green line denotes 664 BC when the ESPE took place.