Kinematics and 3D magnetic-field evolution of the eruption. Panel a shows the magnetic field configuration at the initial state. The yellow, cyan, and red-wine lines represent the preeruptive flux-rope field lines, the overlying active-region fields that are mainly generated by q₁ and q₂, and the large-scale background field lines extending from q₃ and q₄, respectively. Panel b shows the kinetics of the solar eruption, wherein the blue and red lines represent the evolution of the flux-rope axis height and velocity, respectively. Panel c illustrates the evolution of the 3D coronal magnetic fields and the J_y distribution in the x–z plane at t = 3τ₀, 11τ₀, and 13τ₀. The animation of this figure is available online.