Forming Earth-like and low-mass rocky exoplanets through pebble and planetesimal accretion

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Table 3

Quantitative comparison between the OL18 and IGM16 model results.

	OL18			IGM16
Missing physics compared to the other PA prescription				– Influence of planet’s eccentricity and inclination on pebbles relative velocity
Missing physics compared to the other PA prescription				– Reduction of accretion efficiency due to pebbles with high relative velocity entering the ballistic regime

	0.09 M_⊙	1.00 M_⊙	Overall	0.09 M_⊙	1.00 M_⊙	Overall

Mean total accreted mass [M_E]	${0.15}_{- 0.04}^{+ 0.04}$ $\[0.15_{-0.04}^{+0.04}\]$	${3.7}_{- 0.8}^{+ 0.7}$ $\[3.7_{-0.8}^{+0.7}\]$	${2.4}_{- 2.2}^{+ 1.7}$ $\[2.4_{-2.2}^{+1.7}\]$	${0.54}_{- 0.16}^{+ 0.14}$ $\[0.54_{-0.16}^{+0.14}\]$	${17.3}_{- 2.5}^{+ 2.4}$ $\[17.3_{-2.5}^{+2.4}\]$	${7.9}_{- 7.2}^{+ 8.4}$ $\[7.9_{-7.2}^{+8.4}\]$
Mean number of planets (M > M_M)	${0.00}_{- 0}^{+ 0}$ $\[0.00_{-0}^{+0}\]$	${3.3}_{- 0.9}^{+ 0.7}$ $\[3.3_{-0.9}^{+0.7}\]$	${2.8}_{- 2.8}^{+ 1.2}$ $\[2.8_{-2.8}^{+1.2}\]$	${2.25}_{- 0.25}^{+ 0.75}$ $\[2.25_{-0.25}^{+0.75}\]$	${8.75}_{- 2.35}^{+ 3.25}$ $\[8.75_{-2.35}^{+3.25}\]$	${5.5}_{- 2.8}^{+ 2.5}$ $\[5.5_{-2.8}^{+2.5}\]$
Mean number of Earth-like planets	${0.00}_{- 0}^{+ 0}$ $\[0.00_{-0}^{+0}\]$	${2.3}_{- 1.3}^{+ 1.3}$ $\[2.3_{-1.3}^{+1.3}\]$	${1.2}_{- 1.2}^{+ 1.8}$ $\[1.2_{-1.2}^{+1.8}\]$	${0.00}_{- 0}^{+ 0}$ $\[0.00_{-0}^{+0}\]$	${3.7}_{- 2.3}^{+ 1.9}$ $\[3.7_{-2.3}^{+1.9}\]$	${1.4}_{- 1.4}^{+ 1.9}$ $\[1.4_{-1.4}^{+1.9}\]$
Fraction of all planets that remains in the HZ	N/A	0.038	0.066	0.64	0.19	0.16
Mean maximum planet mass [M_E]	${0.06}_{- 0.18}^{+ 0.18}$ $\[0.06_{-0.18}^{+0.18}\]$	${1.7}_{- 0.5}^{+ 0.3}$ $\[1.7_{-0.5}^{+0.3}\]$	${1.0}_{- 1.0}^{+ 0.8}$ $\[1.0_{-1.0}^{+0.8}\]$	${0.21}_{- 0.33}^{+ 0.23}$ $\[0.21_{-0.33}^{+0.23}\]$	${7.0}_{- 1.9}^{+ 2.3}$ $\[7.0_{-1.9}^{+2.3}\]$	${3.4}_{- 3.1}^{+ 3.6}$ $\[3.4_{-3.1}^{+3.6}\]$
Mean log₁₀ (AMD_total)	${34.9}_{- 0.6}^{+ 0.4}$ $\[34.9_{-0.6}^{+0.4}\]$	${36.3}_{- 0.5}^{+ 0.4}$ $\[36.3_{-0.5}^{+0.4}\]$	${35.8}_{- 0.9}^{+ 0.9}$ $\[35.8_{-0.9}^{+0.9}\]$	${35.2}_{- 0.6}^{+ 0.5}$ $\[35.2_{-0.6}^{+0.5}\]$	${38.5}_{- 0.2}^{+ 0.2}$ $\[38.5_{-0.2}^{+0.2}\]$	${37.2}_{- 1.6}^{+ 1.3}$ $\[37.2_{-1.6}^{+1.3}\]$
Fraction of all planet pairs that is unstable	N/A	0.038	0.026	0.028	0.52	0.31

Notes. The mean values have been calculated by averaging over all simulations with the indicated PA prescription and stellar mass. The fractions have been calculated from the total sample of planets of these simulations combined. Since no planets form around 0.09 M_⊙ stars in the OL 18 simulations, these fractions are not applicable to this model. In all calculations, the results from the normal and Ring simulations have been taken together.

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