Fig. 4

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Entire Kp − Vres diagram for detected species in TOI-1518 b dataset. The white cross indicates the expected location of the planetary signal, which assumes a static atmosphere. Deviations from the white cross could be the significance of wind, circulations, or chemical asymmetries on TOI-1518 b. A clear signal is observed with a white blob – sometimes shifted – near the white cross in each diagram. The signal observed at Kp around 100 km s−1 and Vres around −60 km s−1 in some diagrams is due to the Doppler shadow and is not of planetary origin. We note that the Ca+ Kp − Vres map was computed without the use of PCA (see discussion).
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