Same as for Figure 5 but with a much finer binning within the redshift range 0.7–3.5. The bottom panel presents $\widehat{\beta }$ from Equation 3 as a function of redshift. The solid black line is a second-order cosmographic fit of the data, for which a Gaussian prior is considered on both γ and β (i.e. γ = 0.600 ± 0.005 and β = 8.00 ± 0.25). The dash-dotted line is a flat ΛCDM model with Ω_M fixed to 0.3, γ and β fixed to 0.6 and 8.0, and normalised to the cosmographic fit at z = 1.