Evolutionary features of bars as a function of galaxy stellar mass. TNG100 galaxies are shown by points with error bars. And the shaded regions correspond to TNG50 galaxies. The top panel shows the ratio of unbarred galaxies f_Destroy at z = 0 that previously had a bar. The middle panel shows the ratio of the bar size between z = 0 and its maximum size throughout the galaxy’s history R_{bar, z = 0}/R_bar, max. The bottom panel illustrates the bar formation time in lookback time t_form, LB as a function of galaxy mass. For the middle and bottom panels, the points and solid lines represent the median values, and the error bars and shaded envelopes show the 16–84th percentile distributions. Regarding the bottom panel, for galaxies with masses greater than 10^10.6 M_⊙, many bars had already formed by a lookback time of 8 Gyr. In the top panel, the error bars and shaded regions stand for variations resulting from different definitions of bar presence.