Range of ${(\frac{X}{H})}_{\text{acc}}$ - ${(\frac{X}{H})}_{\text{obs}}$ and f_ph (top panel) or Ṁ_acc (bottom panel) satisfying Eq. (4) for different elements. The y-axis for both panels is represented as ${(\frac{X}{H})}_{\text{acc}}$ - ${(\frac{X}{H})}_{\text{obs}}$ to bring all the elements to the same scale. The y-axis is logarithmic. The thin curves for each element represent range calculations considering uncertainty in ${(\frac{X}{H})}_{\text{obs}}$ from our measurements and the dark curves represent the range for the average ${(\frac{X}{H})}_{\text{obs}}$. The dashed line represents the highest lower limit on the f_ph (top panel) and Ṁ_acc (bottom panel). The black dots in the bottom panel represent Ṁ_acc and ${(\frac{Fe}{H})}_{\text{acc}}$ of Herbig stars from literature work summarised in Kama et al. (2019).