Cumulative distribution function depicting the estimated birth radius of the Sun according to our GAM. The plot illustrates the probability distributions for the 1, 2, and 3σ confidence intervals, with different shades of brown and orange used to distinguish these intervals. The values are marked on the tick labels of the x-axis. The mean and median values are 7.08 ± 0.24 kpc. The current orbital radius of the Sun is shown represented by the dot-dashed vertical line (i.e. 8.20 kpc; see McMillan 2017).