In-depth characterization of the Kepler-10 three-planet system with HARPS-N radial velocities and Kepler transit timing variations

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Volume 696 (April 2025)

A&A, 696 (2025) A233

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Table C.2

Kepler-10 radial-velocity parameters obtained with the HARPS-N data.

RV zero points and jitters				Planet parameters
γ_HN–1 [m s⁻¹]	γ_HN–2 [m s⁻¹]	σ_{j, HN–1} [m s⁻¹]	σ_{j, HN–2} [m s⁻¹]	Planet	P [d]	T_c [BJD_TDB − 2 450 000]	e	ω [deg]	K [m s⁻¹]
Differential evolution Markov chain Monte Carlo (DE-MCMC)
two-planet model
−98737.58 ± 0.43	0.26 ± 0.19	${2.31}_{- 0.39}^{+ 0.41}$ $2.31_{-0.39}^{+0.41}$	2.45 ± 0.15	Kepler-10 b	0.83749070(20)	5034.08687(18)	0	–	2.33 ± 0.23
−98737.58 ± 0.43	0.26 ± 0.19	${2.31}_{- 0.39}^{+ 0.41}$ $2.31_{-0.39}^{+0.41}$	2.45 ± 0.15	Kepler-10 c	45.294301(48)	5062.26648(81)	${0.145}_{- 0.054}^{+ 0.056}$ $0.145_{-0.054}^{+0.056}$	$318_{- 18}^{+ 27}$ $318_{-18}^{+27}$	2.28 ± 0.24
three-planet model
−98737.13 ± 0.48	0.12 ± 0.17	${2.511}_{- 0.40}^{+ 0.45}$ $2.511_{-0.40}^{+0.45}$	2.15 ± 0.15	Kepler-10 b	0.83749070(20)	5034.08687(18)	0	–	2.33 ± 0.22
				Kepler-10 c	45.294301(48)	5062.26648(81)	0.136 ± 0.050	$330_{- 23}^{+ 31}$ $330_{-23}^{+31}$	2.17 ± 0.23
				Kepler-10 d	151.06 ± 0.48	${7165.1}_{- 5.6}^{+ 4.9}$ $7165.1_{-5.6}^{+4.9}$	0.19 ± 0.10(<0.24)	$150_{- 31}^{+ 28}$ $150_{-31}^{+28}$	1.57 ± 0.28
`MultiNest`
two-planet model
−98737.66 ± 0.50	0.27 ± 0.19	${2.35}_{- 0.39}^{+ 0.43}$ $2.35_{-0.39}^{+0.43}$	2.45 ± 0.16	Kepler-10 b	0.83749070(19)	5034.08687(18)	0	–	2.35 ± 0.24
−98737.66 ± 0.50	0.27 ± 0.19	${2.35}_{- 0.39}^{+ 0.43}$ $2.35_{-0.39}^{+0.43}$	2.45 ± 0.16	Kepler-10 c	45.294300(48)	5062.26650(81)	0.146 ± 0.056	${313.4}_{- 18.3}^{+ 21.2}$ $313.4_{-18.3}^{+21.2}$	2.28 ± 0.25
three-planet model
$- {98737.52}_{- 0.51}^{+ 0.54}$ $-98737.52_{-0.51}^{+0.54}$	0.12 ± 0.17	${2.53}_{- 0.39}^{+ 0.43}$ $2.53_{-0.39}^{+0.43}$	${2.12}_{- 0.14}^{+ 0.15}$ $2.12_{-0.14}^{+0.15}$	Kepler-10 b	0.83749070(20)	5034.08687(18)	0	–	${2.35}_{- 0.22}^{+ 0.21}$ $2.35_{-0.22}^{+0.21}$
				Kepler-10 c	45.294301(46)	5062.26647(81)	${0.134}_{- 0.046}^{+ 0.048}$ $0.134_{-0.046}^{+0.048}$	${321.4}_{- 39.0}^{+ 22.3}$ $321.4_{-39.0}^{+22.3}$	${2.19}_{- 0.22}^{+ 0.23}$ $2.19_{-0.22}^{+0.23}$
				Kepler-10 d	151.03 ± 0.43	${7165.8}_{- 5.3}^{+ 5.2}$ $7165.8_{-5.3}^{+5.2}$	${0.216}_{- 0.099}^{+ 0.099}$ $0.216_{-0.099}^{+0.099}$	${152.0}_{- 26.9}^{+ 24.1}$ $152.0_{-26.9}^{+24.1}$	1.68 ± 0.27
Multi-dimensional GP plus `PolyChord`
two-planet model
−98737.53 ± 0.41	0.26 ± 0.19	${2.19}_{- 0.14}^{+ 0.23}$ $2.19_{-0.14}^{+0.23}$	2.41 ± 0.17	Kepler-10 b	0.83749070(20)	5034.08687(18)	0	–	2.31 ± 0.23
−98737.53 ± 0.41	0.26 ± 0.19	${2.19}_{- 0.14}^{+ 0.23}$ $2.19_{-0.14}^{+0.23}$	2.41 ± 0.17	Kepler-10 c	45.294301(48)	5062.26648(81)	0.138 ± 0.054	$314_{- 50}^{+ 30}$ $314_{-50}^{+30}$	2.29 ± 0.26
three-planet model
−98737.23 ± 0.42	${0.164}_{- 0.14}^{- 0.029}$ $0.164_{-0.14}^{-0.029}$	${2.24}_{- 0.20}^{+ 0.15}$ $2.24_{-0.20}^{+0.15}$	${2.113}_{- 0.092}^{+ 0.042}$ $2.113_{-0.092}^{+0.042}$	Kepler-10 b	0.83749070(20)	5034.08687(18)	0	–	${2.30}_{- 0.20}^{+ 0.16}$ $2.30_{-0.20}^{+0.16}$
				Kepler-10 c	45.294301(48)	5062.26648(81)	${0.131}_{- 0.047}^{+ 0.039}$ $0.131_{-0.047}^{+0.039}$	$317_{- 16}^{+ 22}$ $317_{-16}^{+22}$	${2.22}_{- 0.17}^{+ 0.20}$ $2.22_{-0.17}^{+0.20}$
				Kepler-10 d	${150.58}_{+ 0.31}^{+ 0.80}$ $150.58_{+0.31}^{+0.80}$	${7167.2}_{- 5.7}^{+ 3.5}$ $7167.2_{-5.7}^{+3.5}$	${0.179}_{- 0.096}^{+ 0.077}$ $0.179_{-0.096}^{+0.077}$	154 ± 40	1.42 ± 0.23

Notes. γ and σ_j are the RV zero points and uncorrelated jitter terms (HN-1 and HN-2 refer to the old and new CCD, respectively); P and T_c are the orbital period and inferior conjunction times; e and ω are the orbital eccentricity and argument of periastron; and K is the RV semiamplitude.

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