Plane of M_⋆ − SFR in different redshift bins (0 < z < 4) comparing intrinsic physical parameters from the Horizon-AGN simulation (left panels) and the COSMOS-Web observed values derived using CIGALE (right panels). The top row shows the migration vector angle across the M_⋆ − SFR plane at different redshifts. The middle row presents the migration vector magnitude, while the bottom row displays the dispersion of migration vectors. The left panels are based on true SFR, stellar mass, redshift, and analytically computed migration vectors from Horizon-AGN, whereas the right panels use values derived from COSMOS-Web photometric data processed with CIGALE. The color code represents the median values of migration vector components at Δt = 700 Myr, binned in hexagonal 2D cells. The black solid line represents the MS model from Schreiber et al. (2015) at each redshift. The gray solid line in the right panels shows the MS model at z = 0.25. The dot-dashed and dashed lines indicate the limits for selecting passive and SB galaxies. White-shaded regions indicate the mass completeness limits.