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Fig. 12

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Temporal damping rate, ℑ(f /fce), for the branch of Bernstein waves with 2 ⋅ fcef ≤ 3 ⋅ fce, presented as a function of the perpendicular (resp. parallel) wave number, k (resp. k||). The wave numbers are normalized relative to the parallel Larmor radius, rLe,|| = Tth,e,||/ωce, and fpe/fce = 1.4. Lines of a constant angle with the magnetic field are also presented. These results were obtained with the numerical linearized Vlasov-Maxwell solver WHAMP, for a homogeneous, magnetized, and Maxwellian plasma (Roennmark 1982).

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