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Table F.1

Statistics of the results from our simulations of compact-system instability

Statistics of compact systems’ instability

N0 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 Average

Total systems 90 23 90 90 90 90 12 -
N. unstable 21 14 19 17 19 13 6 -
N. unstable (%) 23 61 21 19 21 14 50 29 ± 17

Pathway of formation of the simulated metal-rich planets

N0 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 Average

Target disruption (%) 0.5 0.5 3.2 1.8 0.4 0.0 0.1 1 ± 1
Hit-and-run (%) 99.5 99.5 96.8 98.2 99.6 100.0 99.9 99 ± 1

Occurrence rate (%) of the simulated metal-rich planets

N0 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 Average

ηMR 1.6 0.8 0.8 2.7 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.6 ± 0.6
ηMR (R <1 R) 17.4 8.9 7.4 19.4 18.2 42.9 30.3 21 ± 12
ηMR 0.4 0.1 0.1 1.3 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.5 ± 0.5

Radius R(R) of the simulated metal-rich planets

N0 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 Average

Minimum 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 ± 0.1
Mean value 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.2 0.9 ± 0.2
68th percentile 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.0 ± 0.1
95th percentile 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.3 ± 0.2
99.7th percentile 1.5 1.6 1.1 2.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.6 ± 0.3
Maximum 1.7 1.7 1.1 2.2 1.5 1.5 1.8 1.6 ± 0.3

Mass M (M) of the simulated metal-rich planets

N0 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 Average

Minimum 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.004 0.006 0.01 0.07 0.02 ± 0.02
Mean value 1.0 1.0 0.6 1.4 1.0 1.0 2.9 1.3 ± 0.7
68th percentile 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.4 3.5 1.6 ± 0.8
95th percentile 2.5 2.9 1.3 6.4 2.4 2.7 6.1 4 ± 2
99.7 th percentile 5.4 7.0 1.5 23.0 4.9 4.9 7.6 8 ± 7
Maximum 8.0 8.0 1.9 23.5 5.2 5.2 11.5 9 ± 7

Notes. Statistics of metal-rich planets formed during an orbital instability in the nominal scenario (N0) and its variations (T1-T6). The statistics in every column are computed across 109 000 simulations (1000 simulations for each of the 109 unstable systems). The uncertainties in the rightmost column correspond to one standard deviation.

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