Hit-and-run collision between two super-Earths forming a metal-rich planet. Panels a through f: snapshots of a SPH simulation of a giant impact (times after collision listed at lower right each panel) from the dataset by Emsenhuber et al. (2024). The target body has mass M_T = 2.5 M_⊕ and core-mass fraction Z_T = 0.30; particles composing the mantle and core of the target are colored in blue and red, respectively. The projectile has mass M_P = 1 M_⊕ and core-mass fraction Z_P = 0.16; particles composing the mantle and core of the projectile are colored in purple and orange, respectively. The collision velocity is v_coll = 2.54 v_esc and the impact angle is θ = 15° [see definitions in panel (a)]. Note scale bars at lower left. The projectile’s mantle is accreted by the target, while the projectile’s core escapes as a metal-rich planet. For an animation of this SPH simulation, see online Movie S1.