Flowchart of the statistical model of orbital instability. For details on each step, see Section 2.2.2. The symbols M_T and M_P indicate the masses of the target and projectile in the collisions, respectively. The symbols Z_T and Z_P indicate the core-mass fractions of the target and projectile of the collisions, respectively. The distributions from which the relative impact velocity, v_∞ (in units of Keplerian velocity, v_k) and impact angle, θ, are sampled are shown in Figure B.1c, d.