Final vs initial mass for several simulation runs (see Table 3). The vertical lines denote 10% of m_* = σ³ τ_sm_⊙, which is the scale where pebble accretion begins. The dashed line is the identity line (y = x). Bodies ≳10²² grow their mass by several tenfold by pebble accretion and become dwarf planets. The gain in mass at low mass in the lami-1p-etairr and turb-1p-best is due to the slow pace of pebble accretion, allowing Safronov interactions to become important at low planetesimal masses.