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Table 3.

Accuracy scores (as defined in Sect. 3.3) for the three galaxy properties (Σ⋆, Z⋆, and t⋆) for the three methods (ordinary least squares LR, and two ML algorithms, RF and DNN) for the three distinct cases (single HE, four Euclid bands, and four Euclid bands as well as the six colours modelled from them).

Target Algorithm Input features R2 RMSE fout NMAD ⟨ΔY⟩ ρ
IHE 0.852 0.186 0.0757 0.1676 −0.1676 0.923
LR Bands 0.873 0.147 0.0725 0.1455 −0.0055 0.935
Bands + colours 0.908 0.150 0.0645 0.1410 −0.0059 0.939
IHE 0.853 0.185 0.0758 0.1685 −0.0185 0.923
Σ⋆/(M⊙ pc−2) RF Bands 0.927 0.130 0.0325 0.1102 −0.0021 0.963
Bands + colours 0.927 0.130 0.0324 0.1102 −0.0022 0.963
IHE 0.854 0.185 0.0736 0.1673 −0.0193 0.924
DNN Bands 0.927 0.130 0.0322 0.1090 −8.45 × 10−5 0.963
Bands + colours 0.927 0.130 0.0322 0.1089 −8.03 × 10−5 0.963
IHE 0.358 0.096 0.0047 0.0937 −0.0142 0.598
LR Bands 0.417 0.091 0.0030 0.0863 −0.0063 0.655
Bands + colours 0.435 0.095 0.0024 0.0857 −0.0075 0.666
IHE 0.356 0.096 0.0050 0.0947 −0.0141 0.590
Z⋆ RF Bands 0.592 0.077 0.0007 0.0725 0.0016 0.769
Bands + colours 0.595 0.077 0.0007 0.0724 0.0020 0.770
IHE 0.385 0.096 0.0048 0.0938 −0.0145 0.599
DNN Bands 0.595 0.076 0.0007 0.0720 0.0029 0.773
Bands + colours 0.595 0.076 0.0007 0.0719 0.0028 0.773
IHE 0.010 0.163 0.0509 0.1586 −0.0435 0.104
LR Bands 0.199 0.146 0.0368 0.1335 −0.0206 0.467
Bands + colours 0.162 0.150 0.0354 0.1328 −0.0216 0.476
IHE 0.014 0.162 0.0509 0.1576 −0.0424 0.096
t⋆/Gyr RF Bands 0.382 0.128 0.0285 0.1008 −0.0061 0.618
Bands + colours 0.381 0.129 0.0286 0.1007 −0.0051 0.618
IHE 0.130 0.162 0.0498 0.1584 −0.0430 0.130
DNN Bands 0.382 0.128 0.0281 0.0997 −0.0024 0.622
Bands + colours 0.382 0.128 0.0280 0.0994 −0.0025 0.623

Notes. Left to right: Target; ML algorithm; input features; coefficient of determination (R2); root-mean-square error (RMSE); number of catastrophic outliers (fout); normalised median absolute deviation (NMAD); and bias (⟨ΔY⟩, where Y represents the target galaxy property); Pearson ρ coefficient. All values are defined in Sect. 3.3.

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