Fig. 12.

Download original image
Formation (lookback) time of the discs in our sample. The left panel shows an example of our definition based on the circularity parameter as a function of the stellar age of all stellar particles in a given galaxy (blue dots). We calculated the running median (black symbols) and their derivative (bottom panel) to find the time when the dominant and consistent formation of stars in circular orbits occurs, Tc. We note that by definition, Tc is in lookback time units where Tc = 0 means today. In the right panel we show Tc for all disc-dominated galaxies as a function of their virial mass at the time of Tc (individual symbols). The median value shows that mostly-disc objects settle into circular orbits slightly earlier than for the intermediate objects, but the scatter is large. Galaxies typically reach Tc late and when their host halo mass is larger than M200 ∼ 3 × 1011 M⊙ (with one exception). Some of the oldest discs have been consistently forming stars since ∼10 Gyr ago.
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.