Open Access
Table 1
Summary table of the N-body codes implementing various extensions to the standard ACDM cosmology that have been used to produce simulations employed in Euclid pre-launch analysis, validation, and forecasting.
| Code (reference) | Models | Solver type – gravity | Solver type – scalar field | Approximations | Treatment of massive neutrinos |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C–Gadget (Baldi et al. 2010) | interacting DE, dark scattering | TreePM (FFT) | Linear Poisson | Quasi-static approximation | N-body particles |
| ECOSMOG (Li et al. 2012, 2013b) | f(R), nDGP, cubic galileon | AMR + multigrid | NGS + multigrid | Quasi-static approximation | – |
| ISIS (Llinares et al. 2014) | f (R), nDGP, symmetron | AMR + multigrid | NGS + multigrid | Quasi-static approximation | – |
| MG–Gadget (Puchwein et al. 2013) | f (R) | TreePM (FFT) | NGS + multigrid | Quasi-static approximation | N-body particles |
| MG–Arepo (Arnold et al. 2019; Hernández-Aguayo et al. 2021) | f(R), nDGP + hydro | TreePM | NGS + multigrid | Quasi-static approximation | N-body particles |
| PANDA (Casalino & Baldi, in prep.) | f(R), nDGP | TreePM (FFT) | Linear Poisson + screening | Quasi-static approximation, type 2 parame-terised modified gravity | N-body particles |
| PySCo (Breton 2025) | f(R) | PM + multigrid | Cubic multigrid | Quasi-static approximation | – |
| MG–COLA (Winther et al. 2017; Wright et al. 2017) | f(R), nDGP; cubic galileon, symmetron | 2LPT + PM (FFT) | Linear Poisson + screening | Quasi-static approximation, type 1 or type 2 parameterised modified gravity | mesh |
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