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Fig. 2.

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Schematic illustration of the kick-drift-kick integration scheme employed in this study. The initial positions xi and momenta pi are evolved to their final values, xf and pf, with updates to these quantities occurring at different times. Unlike traditional kick-drift-kick integration, we choose not to evaluate forces that appear in the equations of motion at all time steps, but only at a subset (steps 8, 9 and 10 in this example). At all other kick steps, the momenta are updated according to the emulated frame of reference only.

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