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Fig. 4.

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In situ SEP time profiles and plasma and magnetic field observations by near-Earth spacecraft (a), and Solar Orbiter (b). Top: Energetic electron (1) and proton (2) temporal profiles. The arrow in the top panels indicates the flare peak time. Bottom: In situ plasma and magnetic field observations. The panels present, from top to bottom, the magnetic field magnitude (3), the magnetic field components (4), the magnetic field latitudinal (5) and azimuthal (6) angles, θB − RTN and ϕB − RTN, the solar wind speed (7), and the proton density (8), where RTN stands for radial-tangential-normal coordinates (e.g. Hapgood 1992). Solid vertical lines indicate IP shocks, blue shaded areas indicate MC. The horizontal line on the top panel indicates a period of proton contamination. The pink lines represent the ENLIL simulation results.

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