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Fig. 3

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Radius of the NSC (rNSC) multiplied by the respective efficiency (ϵr), velocity dispersion (σ) at rNSC, age of the system (tH), and the redshift as a function of the stellar mass of the NSC for models A2 (rose dots), A3 (blue dots), and A4 (red dots). Mthreshold = 103 M and Ares = 10−1 for all the models. The values of ϵr are 0.5, 0.2, and 0.1 for models A2, A3, and A4, respectively, as listed in Table 1. These properties are extracted at the moment at which the conditions to form a BH seed are fulfilled (McritMNSCstellar${M_{{\rm{crit}}}} \le M_{{\rm{NSC}}}^{{\rm{stellar}}}$ and MthresholdMNSCstellar${M_{{\rm{threshold}}}} \le M_{{\rm{NSC}}}^{{\rm{stellar}}}$). Model A1 does not form any BH seed.

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