Time evolution of the frequency phase space with a time step of 1 Gyr for the simulation run DM_25_1000. The light blue curve indicates the epicycle approximation. Displayed resonances include spiral arm co-rotation resonances, m = p = 1 and m = 5, p = 7 (thick and thin dashed grey lines, respectively), the co-rotation resonance m = 2, p = 1 with the superposition of the spiral arms and the galactic bar (dashed blue line), the OLR with the spiral arms (thick solid grey line), the OLR with the galactic bar (thick solid green line), a bar resonance of l = m = p = 1 (thin green line), and spiral arm resonances of l = −1, m = p = 4, l = −1, m = p = 3, and l = 1, m = p = 4 (thin solid grey lines).