Explanation of the exceptionally strong timing noise of PSR J0337+1715 by a circum-ternary planet and consequences for gravity tests

Open Access

Table 1.

Mean values of model-specific parameters of the MCMC runs assuming the PL3 (left) and Planet (right) models with their 68% confidence intervals.

Parameter	Symbol	PL3GR	PlanetGR	Symbol	Parameter
Fitted values

Fundamental frequency (day⁻¹)	ν	$3.44 {(28)}_{- 54}^{+ 61} \times 10^{- 4}$ $3.44(28)_{-54}^{+61} \times 10^{-4}$	$3310_{- 260}^{+ 280}$ $3310_{-260}^{+280}$	P_Π	Orbital period (d)
Amplitude at ν (μs)	A_ν	$4.4 {(82)}_{- 19}^{+ 22}$ $4.4(82)_{-19}^{+22}$	${(6.5)}_{- 1.4}^{+ 1.6} \times 10^{- 6}$ $(6.5)_{-1.4}^{+1.6} \times 10^{-6}$	a_tsini_Π	Projected semi-major axis (lt-s)
Power-law index	γ	$2.73 {(26)}_{- 61}^{+ 68}$ $2.73(26)_{-61}^{+68}$	$- {(1.5)}_{- 1.6}^{+ 1.4} \times 10^{- 5}$ $-(1.5)_{-1.6}^{+1.4} \times 10^{-5}$	a_tcosi_Π	Co-projected semi-major axis (lt-s)
Phase 1 (rad)	ϕ₁	$- 0.21 {(54)}_{- 17}^{+ 19}$ $-0.21(54)_{-17}^{+19}$	$0.2 {(51)}_{- 37}^{+ 32}$ $0.2(51)_{-37}^{+32}$	e_Πsinω_t	Laplace-Lagrange
Phase 2 (rad)	ϕ₂	$- 0.77 {(74)}_{- 61}^{+ 68}$ $-0.77(74)_{-61}^{+68}$	${(5.7)}_{- 2.4}^{+ 2.4} \times 10^{- 2}$ $(5.7)_{-2.4}^{+2.4} \times 10^{-2}$	e_Πcosω_t	Laplace-Lagrange
Phase 3 (rad)	ϕ₃	$- 1.42 {(21)}_{- 61}^{+ 68}$ $-1.42(21)_{-61}^{+68}$	$56549_{- 20}^{+ 3333}$ $56549_{-20}^{+3333}$	t_asc_t	Time of ascending node (MJD)
			$1 . {(25)}_{- 53}^{+ 62} \times 10^{2}$ $1.(25)_{-53}^{+62} \times 10^{2}$	Ω_t	Longitude of planet ascending node (°)

Derived values

Fundamental period (days)	1/ν	$2904 . 6_{- 5.1}^{+ 4.6}$ $2904.6_{-5.1}^{+4.6}$	${(1.65)}_{- 0.89}^{+ 1.6} \times 10^{- 5}$ $(1.65)_{-0.89}^{+1.6} \times 10^{-5}$	a_π	Semi-major axis (lt-s)
Amplitude at 1 yr⁻¹ (μs)	$A_{1 yr}^{- 1}$ $A_{1\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1}}$	$1.55 {(16)}_{- 68}^{+ 61} \times 10^{- 2}$ $1.55(16)_{-68}^{+61} \times 10^{-2}$	$157_{- 54}^{+ 11}$ $157_{-54}^{+11}$	i_Π	Orbital inclination w.r.t. plane of sky (°)
			$119_{- 42}^{+ 16} \times 10^{2}$ $119_{-42}^{+16} \times 10^{2}$	δi_Π	Orbital inclination w.r.t. triple system (°)
			$0.2 {(57)}_{- 31}^{+ 29}$ $0.2(57)_{-31}^{+29}$	e_Π	Orbital eccentricity
			$77 . 2_{- 7.2}^{+ 6.0}$ $77.2_{-7.2}^{+6.0}$	ω_t	Longitude of periastron (°)
			$57258_{- 77}^{+ 3270} \times 10^{4}$ $57258_{-77}^{+3270} \times 10^{4}$	t_p_Π	Time of periastron passage (MJD)
			${(1.23)}_{- 0.66}^{+ 1.1} \times 10^{- 8}$ $(1.23)_{-0.66}^{+1.1} \times 10^{-8}$	m_π	Planet-companion mass (M_⊙)

Notes. Uncertainties apply to the digits between parenthesis and delimit the 68% median confidence region, namely the interval excluding 16% of the distribution above and below it. The central value quoted is the best-fit value. The upper-case index Π refers to the planet binary. The lower-case index π refers to the planet, and t refers to the triple-system centre of mass. Data spans MJD 56492 − 59480. Solar System ephemeris is DE430. Parameters common to both models are reported in Table E.1.

Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.

Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.

Initial download of the metrics may take a while.